Taguchi Robust Design for Optimizing Surface Roughness of Turned AISI 1045 Steel Considering the Tool Nose Radius and Coolant as Noise Factors

<div>(a) Optical micrograph of tempered steel; it is composed of ferrite (white) and tempered martensite (dark). (b) Secondary electron image of the dark area in optical micrograph (tempered martensite) showing the presence of ferrite (dark areas) and carbides (white areas).</div>

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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Figure 4: Taguchi Robust Design for Optimizing Surface Roughness of Turned AISI 1045 Steel Considering the Tool Nose Radius and Coolant as Noise Factors 

Figure 4 | Taguchi Robust Design for Optimizing Surface Roughness of Turned AISI 1045 Steel Considering the Tool Nose Radius and Coolant as Noise Factors 