A Practical Swelling Constitutive Model of Anhydrite and Its Application on Tunnel Engineering

Figure 11

2D finite model. A1 and A2 are limestone stratums, which are unable to swell. A3 and A4 are anhydrite stratums. A4 is subjected to underground water, so it is able to swell, while A3 is far away from the tunnel and free of underground water, so A3 does not need to consider swelling.