| Covariates | aOR (95% CI) |
| Sex of child (ref: male) | — | Female | 0.96 (0.94, 0.98) | Type of birth (ref: single) | | 1st of multiple | 1.03 (0.07, 1.107) | 2nd of multiple | 1.07 (1.00, 1.16) | Education (ref: no formal education) | — | Primary | 0.97 (0.94, 1.01) | Secondary | 0.94 (0.91, 0.97) | Tertiary | 0.86 (0.82, 0.90) | Source of drinking water (ref: improved) | — | Unimproved | 1.00 (0.98, 1.02) | Religion (ref: catholic) | — | Christian | 1.02 (0.98, 1.06) | Islamic | 1.08 (1.04, 1.13) | Traditionalist | 0.89 (0.77, 1.03) | No religion | 1.07 (0.93, 1.23) | Wealth index (ref: poorest) | — | Poorer | 0.97 (0.94, 1.01) | Middle | 0.91 (0.94, 1.01) | Richer | 0.89 (0.86, 0.93) | Richest | 0.83 (0.79, 0.87) | Currently breastfeeding (ref: no) | — | Yes | 1.01 (0.98, 1.03) | Total children born | 1.00 (0.98, 1.03) | Size of child at birth (ref: very large) | — | Larger than average | 0.99 (0.95, 1.02) | Average | 0.97 (0.94, 1.01) | Smaller than average | 1.00 (0.96, 1.04) | Very small | 0.98 (0.92, 1.05) | Don’t know | 0.97 (0.89, 1.05) | Child age in month (ref: 6–23) | — | 24–41 | 0.89 (0.87, 0.91) | 42–59 | 0.83 (0.81, 0.85) | Ethnicity (ref: ekoi) | — | Fulani | 0.99 (0.93, 1.05) | Hausa | 0.99 (0.93, 1.06) | Igbo | 0.94 (0.91, 1.03) | Yoruba | 0.99 (0.94, 1.05) | Place of residence (ref: urban) | — | Rural | 1.04 (1.01, 1.07) | Region (ref: north central) | — | North-east | 0.93 (0.90, 0.98) | North-west | 0.96 (0.92, 1.00) | South-east | 1.14 (1.07, 1.22) | South-south | 1.13 (1.08, 1.19) | South-west | 1.04 (0.98, 1.09) |
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