Burden and Determinants of Anemia among Under-Five Children in Africa: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 2

Pooled determinants of anemia among under-five children in Africa, 2009–2020.

Variables		Pooled AOR (95% CI)	Heterogeneity			value
			I^2	Q statistic	value
Malaria falciparum	Yes	1.31 (0.85, 1.78)	95.5%	15.74	0.000	0.22
	No	1
Sex	Female	0.71 (0.57, 0.87)	94.1	240.3	0.000	0.001
	Male	1
Stunting	Yes	1.16 (0.94, 1.43)	0.00	2.79	0.99	0.17
	No	1
Maternal education	Informal	1.47 (1.31, 1.65)	0.00	5.69	0.89	0.00
	Elementary	1.05 (0.89, 1.25)	0.0	2.00	0.99	0.62
	High school	1
Diarrhea	Yes	1.44 (0.86, 2.42)	93.9	245.06	0.00	0.17
	No	1
ANC follow-up	Yes	1.68 (0.46, 6.23)	0.0	0.08	0.43	0.43
	No	1
Residence	Rural	0.80 (0.67, 0.95)	0.0	5.14	0.64	0.000
	Urban	1
IFA intake	Yes	0.99 (0.63, 1.57)	0.0	0.00	0.73	0.44
	No	1
Family size	<5	0.93 (0.89, 0.98)	0.0	4.19	0.52	0.004
	≥5	1
Occupation	Unemployed	1.14 (0.86, 1.51)	0.0	1.77	0.98	0.38
	Employed	1