Review Article
Burden and Determinants of Anemia among Under-Five Children in Africa: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Table 2
Pooled determinants of anemia among under-five children in Africa, 2009–2020.
| Variables | Pooled AOR (95% CI) | Heterogeneity | value | I2 | Q statistic | value |
| Malaria falciparum | Yes | 1.31 (0.85, 1.78) | 95.5% | 15.74 | 0.000 | 0.22 | No | 1 | | | | |
| Sex | Female | 0.71 (0.57, 0.87) | 94.1 | 240.3 | 0.000 | 0.001 | Male | 1 | | | | |
| Stunting | Yes | 1.16 (0.94, 1.43) | 0.00 | 2.79 | 0.99 | 0.17 | No | 1 | | | | |
| Maternal education | Informal | 1.47 (1.31, 1.65) | 0.00 | 5.69 | 0.89 | 0.00 | Elementary | 1.05 (0.89, 1.25) | 0.0 | 2.00 | 0.99 | 0.62 | High school | 1 | | | | |
| Diarrhea | Yes | 1.44 (0.86, 2.42) | 93.9 | 245.06 | 0.00 | 0.17 | No | 1 | | | | |
| ANC follow-up | Yes | 1.68 (0.46, 6.23) | 0.0 | 0.08 | 0.43 | 0.43 | No | 1 | | | | |
| Residence | Rural | 0.80 (0.67, 0.95) | 0.0 | 5.14 | 0.64 | 0.000 | Urban | 1 | | | | |
| IFA intake | Yes | 0.99 (0.63, 1.57) | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.73 | 0.44 | No | 1 | | | | |
| Family size | <5 | 0.93 (0.89, 0.98) | 0.0 | 4.19 | 0.52 | 0.004 | ≥5 | 1 | | | | |
| Occupation | Unemployed | 1.14 (0.86, 1.51) | 0.0 | 1.77 | 0.98 | 0.38 | Employed | 1 | | | | |
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