Improving Cognitive Function from Children to Old Age: A Systematic Review of Recent Smart Ageing Intervention Studies

Table 2

Characteristics of the included intervention programs.

Study	Population	Sample size	Intervention and control groups ()	Length of intervention	Frequency of intervention
Uchida and Kawashima [66]	Elderly people	124	(a) Reading and solving arithmetic problem (); (b) No intervention ()	23 weeks	At classroom: about 15 min once a week; At home: about 15 min per day, 4–6 days per week
Nouchi et al. [45]	Elderly people	32	(a) Playing Brain Age (); (b) Playing Tetris ()	4 weeks	About 15 min per day, at least 5 days per week
Nouchi et al. [47]	Young people	32	(a) Playing Brain Age (); (b) Playing Tetris ()	4 weeks	About 15 min per day, at least 5 days per week
Nouchi et al. [65]	Elderly people	64	(a) Combination exercise training (N = 32); (b) Waiting list control group ()	4 weeks	About 30 min per day, 3 days per week
Tachibana et al. [79]	Children	238	(a) Mother-child play activity Program (); (b) Waiting list control group ()	3 months	About 10 min per a day, 5 days per week
Takeuchi et al. [38]	Young people	44	(a) Processing speed training (); (b) No intervention ()	6 days	About 4 hr per day, 5 days within a 6-day period
Takeuchi et al. [62]	Young people	55	(a) Intensive adaptive training of working memory using mental calculation (); (b) Nonadaptive training of working memory using mental calculation (placebo intervention) (); (c) No intervention ()	6 days	About 4 hours per a day, 5 days within a 6-day period
Takeuchi et al. [63]	Young people	61	(a) Working memory training (); (b) No intervention ()	4 weeks	At laboratory: about 20–60 min per day, 2 days per week; At home: about 20–60 min per day, everyday
Takeuchi et al. [64]	Young people	40	(a) Multitask training (); (b) No intervention ()	4 weeks	At laboratory: about 20–60 min per day, 2 days per week; At home: about 20–60 min per day, everyday

Takeuchi et al. [38], who used processing speed training, published their findings in Journal of Neuroscience. Takeuchi et al. [62], who used working memory training with mental calculation, published their findings in PLoS One.