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Table 6: Parameters that were used to model solar cells (A–C) with PC1D before and after deposition of a white paint back reflector. In the latter case, the back surface reflectance was chosen to be diffuse rather than specular as in the nonpainted case.

Without paint With paint Parameter Unit A B C A B C Emitter thickness (nm) 330 210 230 330 210 230 Emitter doping density $({\text{cm}}^{-3})$ $5\times {10}^{19}$ $5\times {10}^{19}$ $5\times {10}^{19}$ $5\times {10}^{19}$ $5\times {10}^{19}$ $5\times {10}^{19}$ Emitter diffusion length (nm) 146 90 110 146 90 110 Base thickness (nm) 1900 2000 2000 1900 2000 2000 Base doping density $({\text{cm}}^{-3})$ $5\times {10}^{15}$ $1.6\times {10}^{16}$ $3\times {10}^{16}$ $5\times {10}^{15}$ $1.6\times {10}^{16}$ $3\times {10}^{16}$ Base diffusion length $(\mu \text{m})$ 4 1.55 1.1 5 1.55 1.25 Base minority carrier lifetime (ns) 5.2 0.9 0.51 8.1 0.9 0.66 BSF thickness (nm) 100 100 100 100 100 100 BSF doping density $({\text{cm}}^{-3})$ $1\times {10}^{19}$ $1\times {10}^{19}$ $1\times {10}^{19}$ $1\times {10}^{19}$ $1\times {10}^{19}$ $1\times {10}^{19}$ BSF diffusion length (nm) 50 50 50 50 50 50 Ext. reflectance layer 1: thickness; $n$ (nm) ${10}^6;1$ ${10}^6;1$ ${10}^6;1$ ${10}^6;1$ ${10}^6;1$ ${10}^6;1$ Ext. reflectance layer 2: thickness, $n$ (nm) ${10}^6;1.48$ ${10}^6;1.48$ ${10}^6;1.48$ ${10}^6;1.48$ ${10}^6;1.48$ ${10}^6;1.48$ Ext. reflectance layer 3: thickness, $n$ (nm) 71; 1.90 68; 1.95 68; 1.93 71; 1.90 68; 1.95 68; 1.93 Int. front surface reflectance (%) 5 5 5 15 15 15 Int. back surface reflectance (%) 28 (spec.) 28 (spec.) 30 (spec.) 70 (diff.) 70 (diff.) 70 (diff.)