|
| Study year | Animal model | Cell type | Cellular scaffold | Result |
|
| Nishimura and Mochida, 1998 [41] | Rat (nucleus aspiration) | Autologous NP tissue | NA | NA |
| Okuma et al., 2000 [42] | Rabbit (nucleus aspiration) | NP cells | No | Delayed formation of clusters of chondrocyte-like cells, the destruction of disc architecture, and the elaboration of type-II collagen |
| Nomura et al., 2001 [43] | Rabbit (nucleus aspiration) | Allograft NP tissue | No | Decreased IVD |
| Gruber et al. 2002 [77] | Sand rat | Autologous disc chondrocytes—AF cells | No | Engrafted cells integrated into the disc and normal ECM was synthetized |
| Ganey et al., 2003 [45] | Canine (disc material removal) | Autologous disc chondrocytes—NP and AF cells | No | Viable proliferating chondrocytes that synthetized ECM (collagen I and II) were found and retention of disc height |
| Gorensek et al., 2004 [46] | Rabbit (nucleus aspiration) | Autologous cartilage chondrocytes | No | Only Hyaline-like cartilage was found |
| Sakai et al. 2003 [51], Sakai et al. 2005 [78] | Rabbit (nucleus aspiration) | Autologous BMSCs—genetic marking with LacZ | Atelocollagen gel | Improved annular structure and proteoglycan preservation |
| Crevensten et al., 2004 [47] | Rat (no injury) | BMSCs | Hyaluronan gel | Increased disc height and matrix synthesis |
| Sakai et al. 2005 [78] | Rabbit (nucleus aspiration) | Autologous BMSCs—genetic marking with GFP | Atelocollagen gel | Proliferation and site-dependent differentiation |
| Zhang et al., 2005 [55] | Rabbit (no injury) | Allogeneic BMSCs—genetic marking with LacZ | No | Increased proteoglycan and collagen type II synthesis |
| Leung et al. 2006 [79] | Rabbit (nucleus puncture) | Allogeneic BMSCs | NA | NA |
| Sobajima et al., 2008 [52] | Rabbit (no injury) | Allogeneic BMSCs—genetic marking with LacZ | No | Transplanted BMSCs migration and engraftment into the inner annulus fibrosus |
| Hiyama et al., 2008 [49] | Canine (nucleotomy) | Autologous BMSCs | No | Suppression of disc degeneration and preservation of immune privilege |
| Hoogendoorn et al. 2008 [80] | Goat (ABC chondroitinase) | None | | Mild slowly progressive degeneration |
| Yang et al., 2009 [54] | Murine (annular puncture) | BMSCs from EGFP transgenic mice | No | Increased matrix synthesis by both autonomous differentiation and stimulatory action on endogenous cells |
| Henriksson et al., 2009 [48] | Porcine (nucleus aspiration) | Human BMSCs | Hydrogel | Cells survival and disc-like differentiation |
| Wei et al., 2009 [53] | Rat (no injury) | Human BMSCs labeled with tracker orange | No | Cells survival and chondrocytic differentiation |
| Acosta et al., 2011 [44] | Porcine (nucleotomy) | Juvenile Chondrocytes/Allogeneic BMSCs | Fibrin | JC survival, proliferation, and synthesis of ECM. MSCs were not observed |
|
