The Influence of Psychiatric Comorbidity on Inpatient Outcomes following Distal Humerus Fractures

Table 1

Patient characteristics for patients with distal humerus fractures with bivariate analysis comparing those with a concomitant diagnosis of depression, anxiety, dementia, and schizophrenia to those not affected by any psychiatric diagnosis (SEM, standard error of mean).

Parameter	Total, percentage (%)	Psychiatric comorbidity
		None, %	Depression, %		Anxiety, %		Schizophrenia, %		Dementia, %
	526,185	514,432	6,700		2,191		1,067		1,874
% of total cohort	100.0%	97.8%	1.3%		0.4%		0.2%		0.4%
Gender
Male	49.8%	50.2%	32.5%	<0.001	13.6%	<0.001	73.1%	<0.001	19.8%	<0.001
Female	50.2%	49.8%	67.5%		86.4%		26.9%		80.2%
Age
<8	35.2%	36.0%	0.0%	<0.001	1.7%	<0.001	0.0%	<0.001	0.0%	<0.001
8–25	22.2%	22.5%	7.9%		16.0%		21.8%		0.0%
26–50	14.6%	14.4%	14.9%		36.5%		74.0%		0.0%
>50	28.0%	27.1%	77.2%		45.8%		4.2%		100.0%
Primary diagnosis
812.4 (fracture of lower end of humerus closed)	19.0%	18.6%	29.7%	<0.001	14.9%	<0.001	19.3%	0.577	75.9%	<0.001
812.41 (closed supracondylar fracture of humerus)	48.2%	48.7%	24.9%	<0.001	34.6%	<0.001	56.2%	<0.001	14.2%	<0.001
812.42 (closed fracture of lateral condyle of humerus)	9.5%	9.7%	1.6%	<0.001	4.4%	<0.001	5.0%	<0.001	0.0%	<0.001
812.43 (closed fracture of medial condyle of humerus)	5.3%	5.1%	16.9%	<0.001	31.8%	<0.001	0.0%	<0.001	0.0%	<0.001
812.44 (closed fracture of unspecified condyle(s) of humerus)	4.7%	4.8%	4.0%	0.002	0.0%	<0.001	6.1%	0.041	7.5%	<0.001
812.49 (other closed fractures of lower end of humerus)	4.0%	3.9%	16.0%	<0.001	7.8%	<0.001	5.4%	0.007	2.4%	0.001
812.5 (fracture of lower end of humerus open)	3.1%	3.2%	2.8%	0.109	0.0%	<0.001	8.0%	<0.001	0.0%	<0.001
812.51 (open supracondylar fracture of humerus)	3.9%	4.0%	0.0%	<0.001	0.0%	<0.001	0.0%	<0.001	0.0%	<0.001
812.52 (open fracture of lateral condyle of humerus)	0.9%	0.9%	0.9%	0.902	0.0%	<0.001	0.0%	0.002	0.0%	<0.001
812.53 (open fracture of medial condyle of humerus)	1.2%	1.2%	4.1%	<0.001	0.0%	<0.001	0.0%	<0.001	0.0%	<0.001
812.54 (open fracture of unspecified condyle(s) of humerus)	0.6%	0.6%	0.0%	<0.001	4.0%	<0.001	0.0%	0.009	0.0%	<0.001
812.59 (other open fractures of lower end of humerus)	1.2%	1.2%	1.0%	0.198	4.6%	<0.001	0.0%	<0.001	0.0%	<0.001
Comorbidities
No	84.9%	85.5%	47.5%	<0.001	65.5%	<0.001	96.4%	<0.001	50.9%	<0.001
Yes	15.1%	14.5%	52.5%		34.5%		3.6%		49.1%
Adverse events
No	93.8%	94.1%	76.7%	<0.001	92.8%	0.013	100.0%	<0.001	75.2%	<0.001
Yes	6.2%	6.0%	23.3%		7.2%		0.0%		24.8%
Discharge disposition
Routine/home (1)	85.0%	85.7%	50.8%	<0.001	97.8%	<0.001	37.2%	<0.001	25.2%	<0.001
Left AMA (2)	0.3%	0.2%	1.8%		0.0%		0.0%		0.0%
Short-term fac (3)	2.8%	2.6%	19.6%		0.0%		4.0%		0.0%
Long-term fac (4)	7.3%	6.9%	19.4%		0.0%		40.6%		69.3%
Alive, not stated (5)	3.2%	3.1%	5.6%		2.2%		18.2%		3.0%
Dead (6)	0.2%	0.2%	0.0%		0.0%		0.0%		0.0%
Not reported (9)	1.3%	1.3%	3.0%		0.0%		0.0%		2.4%
Mortality	0.2%	0.2%	0.0%	<0.001	0.0%	0.036	0.0%	0.144	0.0%	0.053
Age (years), mean (SE)	30.3 (1.37)	29.54 (1.33)	65.16 (2.94)	<0.001	52.42 (2.36)	<0.001	38.04 (1.72)	<0.001	84.7 (3.82)	<0.001
Days of care, mean (SE)	3.98 (0.18)	3.96 (0.18)	4.11 (0.19)	0.924	2.49 (0.11)	0.595	16.12 (0.73)	<0.001	3.8 (0.17)	0.957