(a) Drift speed versus phase gradient (wave-vector tilt of holding beam) for a scaled cavity photon to carrier recombination rate (corresponding to a nonradiative carrier lifetime of ) and two-cavity detuning values. The cavity photon lifetime is 10 ps. (b) Log-log plot of CS drift speed versus for a fixed scaled detuning () and for two values of the gradient: (stars) ; (diamonds) . Here, the cavity photon lifetime is 1.5 ps. Figure reproduced from [110].