𝑋-Cut LiNbO₃ Optical Modulators Using Gap-Embedded Patch-Antennas for Wireless-Over-Fiber Systems

Figure 3

Microwave analysis of the optical modulators onto 𝑥-cut and 𝑧-cut of LiNbO₃ and LiTaO₃ substrates. (a) Structure of the device using 𝑥-cut LiNbO₃. (b) Structure of the device using 𝑧-cut LiTaO₃. (c) Calculated microwave electric field profile in the 𝑧-component for the device using 𝑥-cut LiNbO₃. (d) Calculated microwave electric profile in the 𝑥-component for the device using 𝑧-cut LiTaO₃. (e) Calculated frequency dependence of the maximum microwave electric for optical modulation.

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