Spillover Phenomena and Its Striking Impacts in Electrocatalysis for Hydrogen and Oxygen Electrode Reactions

Scheme 1

Model presentation for the SMSI effect, resulting in the spillover transfer of H-adatoms within the bronze nanostructure (Pt/H_0.35WO₃, (a)) and/or the primary oxide (M-OH) effusion, as a dipole along the hydrated counterpart (Pt/W(OH)₆, (b)), further continuously transferring them upon the metallic part (Pt) of catalyst, otherwise both originating from the hypo-d-oxide continuously fed by moisture stream to such a composite (M/TiO₂, WO₃) electrocatalyst structure and maintaining them in the reversible interchangeable equilibrium (Pt/H_0.35WO₃ ⇔ Pt/W(OH)₆) (constructed by Dimitris Tsiplakides).