Density of states projected on the d bands for three different systems: (a) atoms at the surface (111) for different metals M, (b) atoms at the surface of Pd(111), where the lattice constant of palladium has been artificially changed by that of different metals M; (c) atoms of the monolayer of Pd deposited on different metallic substrates M(111). The vertical lines indicate the position of the Fermi level.
