Embedded Controlled Isolated Bidirectional Full-Bridge DC-DC Converter with Flyback Snubber

Figure 5

Equivalent circuit for step-down conversion.

(a)   Mode I (𝑡₀−𝑡₁) 

(b) Mode II (𝑡₁−𝑡₂)

(c) Mode III (𝑡₂−𝑡₃)

(d) Mode IV (𝑡₃−𝑡₄)

(e) Mode V (𝑡₄−𝑡₅)