Advanced Development of the rF1V and rBV A/B Vaccines: Progress and Challenges

Table 3

Clinical signs, gross pathology and histopathology associated with plague infection¹.

Symptom or lesion	Human	Historical CM	DVC SW mouse	DVC CM
Lymphadenopathy	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Fever	Yes	Yes	ND	Yes
Malaise	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Lethargy	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Elevated pulse	Yes	Yes	ND	Yes
Cyanosis	Yes (late)	Yes	ND	ND
Pharyngitis	Yes	Yes	ND	ND
Cough	Yes	ND	ND	Yes
Rales	Yes	Yes	ND	ND
Sepsis	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Gross pathology primary pneumonic plague
Fibrinous pleuritis	Yes	ND	ND	Yes
Pneumonia	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Mediastinal hemorrhage	Yes	Yes	ND	Yes
Congestion of trachea/bronchi	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Histopathology primary pneumonic plague
Pulmonary congestion	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Necrohemorrhagic foci	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Fibrinous pleuritis	Yes	Yes	ND	Yes
Disseminated intravascular coagulation	Yes	Yes	ND	ND
Neutrophil infiltration of lung	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Bacteria in lung	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Mediastinitis	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Bacteria in spleen	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes^2

¹ Modified from information contained in Adamovicz and Worsham [16].
CM: cynomolgus macaque, ND: not determined, SW: Swiss Webster.
²Bacterial burden not quantitated.