Modifiable Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors among Indigenous Populations

Table 2

Prevalence of modifiable lifestyle risk factors.

Group	Activity behaviour		Nutrition		Alcohol behaviour		Smokers; %	References
	Sedentary; %	Prescribed; %	Veg.; % ≥2 day	Fruit; % ≥2 day	Any; %	Risky; %
AU	33	33	78	52	83	14	21
White AU	33	33	78	52	83	14	21	[13]
Indigenous AU	51	21	43	26	49	15	46
New Zealand	15	51	64	60	85	13	20
White NZ	14	51	67	63	90	12	19	[26, 81]
Indigenous NZ	14	51	62	56	85	24	38
U.S.	39	11	23		55	7	21
White U.S.	37	12	N/A		60	8	22	[10, 17, 82, 107]
Indigenous U.S.	40	10	17		48	12	24

AU: sedentary activity behavior = <50 mins/week, moderate: >800 mins/week, for adults ≥15 yrs [13]; risky alcohol behavior = ≥ 5 standard drinks/day for males (or ≥15/week) and ≥4 for females (or ≥8/week) for adults aged ≥ 18 yrs [13]; smoker: any type of tobacco consumption [13]; smoking, activity and nutrition data are age-adjusted for adults ≥18 yrs [13].
NZ: prescribed activity behavior = recommended ≥30 mins/day most days or at least 150 mins/week, sedentary activity behavior = <30 mins/week [26]; risky alcohol behavior = weekly binge (≥6 standard drinks on one occasion for males and ≥4 for females) drinking, age-adjusted for adults aged 16–64 [81]; smoker = cigarette smoking [26]; vegetable = ≥3 servings/day [26]; smoking, activity and nutrition date are age-adjusted for adults aged 16–64 [26].
US: prescribed activity behavior = ≥30 mins/day most days or at least 150 mins/week (self-reported, ≥18 yrs), age-adjusted for adults aged ≥18 yrs [107]; nutrition = ≥5 servings/day of vegetables/fruit, age-adjusted for adults aged ≥18 yrs [10]; risky alcohol behaviour = ≥ 5 standard drinks/day on ≥5 days in past 30 days [82]; smoking = cigarette smoking, age-adjusted for adults aged ≥20 [107].