Toxicokinetics of Kava

Figure 1

Structures of the six main kavalactones (1–6), Pipermethysticine (7), and Flavokavain B (8). The chemical formulae are kavain (C₁₄H₁₄O₃), 7,8-dihydrokavain (C₁₄H₁₆O₃), methysticin (C₁₅H₁₄O₅), 7,8-dihydromethysticin (C₁₅H₁₆O₅), yangonin (C₁₅H₁₄O₄), desmethoxyyangonin (= 5,6-dehydrokavain = C₁₄H₁₂O₃), pipermethystine (C₁₆H₁₇NO₄), and flavokavain B (C₁₇H₁₆O₄).