Fabrication of PES/PVP Water Filtration Membranes Using Cyrene®, a Safer Bio-Based Polar Aprotic Solvent

Figure 10

SEM cross-section of membranes produced from Cyrene and different concentrations of PVP: 0% (a, d), 0.1% (b, e), 0.5% (c, f), 1% (g, j), 5% (h, k), and 10% (i, l) in cold (first letter) and hot gels (second letter).

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