<i>Pyrobaculum calidifontis</i> sp. nov., a novel hyperthermophilic archaeon that grows in atmospheric air

Amo, Taku; Paje, Maria Luz F.; Inagaki, Akiko; Ezaki, Satoshi; Atomi, Haruyuki; Imanaka, Tadayuki

doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2002/616075

Archaea

On this page

Abstract References Copyright Related Articles

Research Article | Open Access

Volume 1 | Article ID 616075 | https://doi.org/10.1155/2002/616075

Pyrobaculum calidifontis sp. nov., a novel hyperthermophilic archaeon that grows in atmospheric air

Taku Amo,¹Maria Luz F. Paje,²Akiko Inagaki,¹Satoshi Ezaki,¹Haruyuki Atomi,¹and Tadayuki Imanaka¹

Received10 May 2001

Accepted01 Mar 2002

Abstract

A novel, facultatively aerobic, heterotrophic hyperthermophilic archaeon was isolated from a terrestrial hot spring in the Philippines. Cells of the new isolate, strain VA1, were rod-shaped with a length of 1.5 to 10 μm and a width of 0.5 to 1.0 μm. Isolate VA1 grew optimally at 90 to 95 °C and pH 7.0 under atmospheric air. Oxygen served as a final electron acceptor under aerobic growth conditions, and vigorous shaking of the medium significantly enhanced growth. Elemental sulfur inhibited cell growth under aerobic growth conditions, whereas thiosulfate stimulated cell growth. Under anaerobic growth conditions, nitrate served as a final electron acceptor, but nitrite or sulfur-containing compounds such as elemental sulfur, thiosulfate, sulfate and sulfite could not act as final electron acceptors. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 51 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA sequences indicated that strain VA1 exhibited close relationships to species of the genus Pyrobaculum. A DNA–DNA hybridization study revealed a low level of similarity (≤ 18%) between strain VA1 and previously described members of the genus Pyrobaculum. Physiological characteristics also indicated that strain VA1 was distinct from these Pyrobaculum species. Our results indicate that isolate VA1 represents a novel species, named Pyrobaculum calidifontis.

References

M.W.W. Adams and R.M. Kelly, “Finding and using hyperthermophilic enzymes,” Trends Biotechnol., vol. 16, pp. 329–332, 1998.
View at: Google Scholar
J.P. Amend and E.L. Shock, “Energetics of overall metabolic reactions of thermophilic and hyperthermophilic Archaea and Bacteria,” FEMS Microbiol. Rev., vol. 25, pp. 175–243, 2001.
View at: Google Scholar
W.E. Balch, G.E. Fox, L.J. Magrum, C.R. Woese, and R.S. Wolfe, “Methanogens: reevaluation of a unique biological group,” Microbiol. Rev., vol. 43, pp. 260–296, 1979.
View at: Google Scholar
E. Blöchl, R. Rachel, S. Burggraf, D. Hafenbradl, H.W. Jannasch, and K.O. Stetter, “Pyrolobus fumarii, gen. and sp. nov., represents a novel group of archaea, extending the upper temperature limit for life to 113 °C.,” Extremophiles, vol. 1, pp. 14–21, 1997.
View at: Google Scholar
E.A. Bonch-Osmolovskaya, M.L. Miroshnichenko, N.A. Kostrikina, N.A. Chernych, and G.A. Zavarzin, “Thermoproteus uzoniensis sp. nov., a new extremely thermophilic archaebacterium from Kamchatka continental hot springs.,” Arch. Microbiol., vol. 154, pp. 556–559, 1990.
View at: Google Scholar
T.D. Brock, K.M. Brock, R.T. Belly, and R.L. Weiss, “Sulfolobus: a new genus of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria living at low pH and high temperature,” Arch. Mikrobiol., vol. 84, pp. 54–68, 1972.
View at: Google Scholar
J. Castresana and D. Moreira, “Respiratory chains in the last common ancestor of living organisms,” J. Mol. Evol., vol. 49, pp. 453–460, 1999.
View at: Google Scholar
T. Ezaki, Y. Hashimoto, and E. Yabuuchi, “Fluorometric deoxyribonucleic acid–deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization in microdilution wells as an alternative to membrane filter hybridization in which radioisotopes are used to determine genetic relatedness among bacterial strains,” Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., vol. 39, pp. 224–229, 1989.
View at: Google Scholar
J. Felsenstein, “Evolutionary trees from DNA sequences: a maximum likelihood approach,” J. Mol. Evol., vol. 17, pp. 368–376, 1981.
View at: Google Scholar
F. Fischer, W. Zillig, K.O. Stetter, and G. Schreiber, “Chemolithoautotrophic metabolism of anaerobic extremely thermophilic archaebacteria,” Nature, vol. 301, pp. 511–513, 1983.
View at: Google Scholar
D.W. Grogan, “Phenotypic characterization of the archaebacterial genus Sulfolobus: comparison of five wild-type strains,” J. Bacteriol., vol. 171, pp. 6710–6719, 1989.
View at: Google Scholar
T. Hara, T. Shimoda, K. Nonaka, and S. Ogata, “Colorimetric detection of DNA–DNA hybridization microdilution wells for taxonomic application on bacterial strains,” J. Ferment. Bioeng., vol. 72, pp. 122–124, 1991.
View at: Google Scholar
H. Huber and K.O. Stetter, “Hyperthermophiles and their possible potential in biotechnology,” J. Biotechnol., vol. 64, pp. 39–52, 1998.
View at: Google Scholar
R. Huber, J.K. Kristjansson, and K.O. Stetter, “Pyrobaculum gen. nov., a new genus of neutrophilic, rod-shaped archaebacteria from continental solfataras growing optimally at 100 °C.,” Arch. Microbiol., vol. 149, pp. 95–101, 1987.
View at: Google Scholar
R. Huber, T. Wilharm, and T. Wilharm, “Aquifex pyrophilus gen. nov. sp. nov., represents a novel group of marine hyperthermophilic hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria.,” Syst. Appl. Microbiol., vol. 15, pp. 340–351, 1992.
View at: Google Scholar
R. Huber, M. Sacher, A. Vollmann, H. Huber, and D. Rose, “Respiration of arsenate and selenate by hyperthermophilic archaea,” Syst. Appl. Microbiol., vol. 23, pp. 305–314, 2000.
View at: Google Scholar
T. Itoh, K. Suzuki, and T. Nakase, “Occurrence of introns in the 16S rRNA genes of members of the genus Thermoproteus,” Arch. Microbiol., vol. 170, pp. 155–161, 1998.
View at: Google Scholar
T. Itoh, K. Suzuki, P.C. Sanchez, and T. Nakase, “Caldivirga maquilingensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a new genus of rod-shaped crenarchaeote isolated from a hot spring in the Philippines.,” Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., vol. 49, pp. 1157–1163, 1999.
View at: Google Scholar
N. Kurosawa, Y.H. Itoh, and Y.H. Itoh, “Sulfurisphaera ohwakuensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel extremely thermophilic acidophile of the order Sulfolobales,” Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., vol. 48, pp. 451–456, 1998.
View at: Google Scholar
G.J. Olsen, H. Matsuda, R. Hagstrom, and R. Overbeek, “fastDNAmL: a tool for construction of phylogenetic trees of DNA sequences using maximum likelihood,” Comput. Appl. Biosci., vol. 10, pp. 41–48, 1994.
View at: Google Scholar
N. Saitou and M. Nei, “The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees,” Mol. Biol. Evol., vol. 4, pp. 406–425, 1987.
View at: Google Scholar
Y. Sako, N. Nomura, and N. Nomura, “Aeropyrum pernix gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel aerobic hyperthermophilic archaeon growing at temperatures up to 100 °C.,” Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., vol. 46, pp. 1070–1077, 1996.
View at: Google Scholar
Y. Sako, T. Nunoura, and A. Uchida, “Pyrobaculum oguniense sp. nov., a novel facultatively aerobic and hyperthermophilic archaeon growing at up to 97 °C.,” Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., vol. 51, pp. 303–309, 2001.
View at: Google Scholar
J. Sambrook and D.W. Russell, “Molecular cloning: A laboratory manual,” Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, 3rd Edn. edition, 2001.
View at: Google Scholar
S. Schäfer, C. Barkowski, and G. Fuchs, “Carbon assimilation by the autotrophic thermophilic archaebacterium Thermoproteus neutrophilus,” Arch. Microbiol., vol. 146, pp. 301–308, 1986.
View at: Google Scholar
A. Segerer, A. Neuner, J.K. Kristjansson, and K.O. Stetter, “Acidianus infernus gen. nov., sp. nov., and Acidianus brierleyi comb. nov.: facultatively aerobic, extremely acidophilic thermophilic sulfur-metabolizing archaebacteria,” Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., vol. 36, pp. 559–564, 1986.
View at: Google Scholar
K.O. Stetter, “Extremophiles and their adaptation to hot environments,” FEBS Lett., vol. 452, pp. 22–25, 1999.
View at: Google Scholar
H. Takagi, O. Shida, K. Kadowaki, K. Komagata, and S. Udaka, “Characterization of Bacillus brevis with descriptions of Bacillus migulanus sp. nov., Bacillus choshinensis sp. nov., Bacillus parabrevis sp. nov., and Bacillus galactophilus sp. nov.,” Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., vol. 43, pp. 221–231, 1993.
View at: Google Scholar
J. Tamaoka and K. Komagata, “Determination of DNA-base composition by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography,” FEMS Microbiol. Lett., vol. 25, pp. 125–128, 1984.
View at: Google Scholar
J.D. Thompson, D.G. Higgins, and T.J. Gibson, “CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice,” Nucleic Acids Res., vol. 22, pp. 4673–4680, 1994.
View at: Google Scholar
M. Vargas, K. Kashefi, E.L. Blunt-Harris, and D.R. Lovley, “Microbiological evidence for Fe(III) reduction on early Earth,” Nature, vol. 395, pp. 65–67, 1998.
View at: Google Scholar
P. Völkl, R. Huber, E. Drobner, R. Rachel, S. Burggraf, A. Trincone, and K.O. Stetter, “Pyrobaculum aerophilum sp. nov., a novel nitrate-reducing hyperthermophilic archaeum,” Appl. Environ. Microbiol., vol. 59, pp. 2918–2926, 1993.
View at: Google Scholar
W. Zillig, K.O. Stetter, W. Schäfer, D. Janekovic, S. Wunderl, I. Holz, and P. Palm, “Thermoproteales: a novel type of extremely thermoacidophilic anaerobic archaebacteria isolated from Icelandic solfataras,” Zentbl. Bakteriol. Hyg. Abt. 1 Orig. C., vol. 2, pp. 205–227, 1981.
View at: Google Scholar

Copyright

Copyright © 2002 Hindawi Publishing Corporation. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

PDF Download Citation Order printed copies

Views

878

Downloads

1934

Citations