Research Article

Birth of Archaeal Cells: Molecular Phylogenetic Analyses of G1P Dehydrogenase, G3P Dehydrogenases, and Glycerol Kinase Suggest Derived Features of Archaeal Membranes Having G1P Polar Lipids

Table 1

Distribution of genes of G1PDH, G3PDH, and GK among archaea and bacteria.

DomainSuperphylumPhylumClass (order for Crenarchaeota)G1PDHG3PDHGK
EgsA/AraMGpsAGlpA/GlpDGlpK

ArchaeaDPANNDiapherotrites
Parvarchaeotay
Micrarchaeota
Woesearchaeotay
Pacearchaeota
Aenigmarchaeota
Nanoarchaeota
Nanohaloarchaeota

ArchaeaEuryarchaeotaArchaeoglobiYYYY
HalobacteriaYYY
MethanobacteriaYY
MethanococciY
MethanomicrobiaYYY
MethanopyriY
ThermococciYyY
ThermoplasmataYYY

ArchaeaTACKCrenarchaeotaAcidilobalesYy
DesulfurococcalesYyY
FervidicoccalesY
SulfolobalesYYY
ThermoprotealesYYY
KorarchaeotaYyY
ThaumarchaeotaY
Aigarchaeotayy
LokiarchaeotaYy

BacteriaAcetothermiayY
AcidobacteriaYYY
ActinobacteriaYYYY
Aerophobetesyy
Aminicenantesy
AquificaeYY
ArmatimonadetesYY
Atribacteriayyy
BacteroidetesYYYY
Caldithrixyy
CaldisericayY
Calescamantesyy
Candidate division BRC1yy
Candidate division NC10Y
ChlamydiaeYYY
ChlorobiYY
ChloroflexiYYYY
ChrysiogenetesYY
Cloacimonetesy
CyanobacteriaYYY
DeferribacteresYYY
Deinococcus-ThermusYYY
DictyoglomiYYY
ElusimicrobiaYY
FibrobacteresyY
FirmicutesYYYY
FusobacteriaYyY
GemmatimonadetesYYY
Haloplasmatalesyyy
IgnavibacteriaeYY
Latescibacteriay
Lentisphaeraeyyy
NitrospinaeY
Parcubacteriayyy
PlanctomycetesYYYY
Poribacteriayy
ProteobacteriaAlphaproteobacteriaYYYY
BetaproteobacteriaYYYY
DeltaproteobacteriaYYYY
EpsilonproteobacteriaYYY
GammaproteobacteriaYYYY
Zetaproteobacteriay
SpirochaetesYYYY
SynergistetesYyY
TenericutesYyY
ThermobaculumYYY
ThermodesulfobacteriaY
ThermotogaeYYyY
VerrucomicrobiayYYY

y: at least one protein sequence of interest was found by our BLAST search. y: at least one protein sequence of interest is listed in the taxonomy in genes of KEGG (release 76.0) Orthology (K00096 for EgsA/AraM, K00057 for GpsA, K00111 for GlpA/D, and K00864 for GlpK) [37]. Y: at least one protein sequence of interest is found by our BLAST search and listed in the taxonomy in genes of KEGG Orthology. When no culturable species are known, but some genome sequences are available, from the phylum, the phylum was marked with an asterisk ().
Taxonomy in this table is based on NCBI Taxonomy. Exceptions are as follows: Micrarchaeota is shown as a separate phylum of Parvarchaeota. Woesearchaeota and Pacearchaeota [38] are shown. For BLAST search targeting Woesearchaeota and Pacearchaeota, the sequences (archaeon GW20011_AR3, 4, 9, 11, 15–18, and 20) and the sequences (archaeon GW20011_AR1, 6, 13, and 19) were used as Woesearchaeota and Pacearchaota sequences. Aigarchaeota is shown as a separate phylum of Thaumarchaeota.