Comparative Triceps Surae Morphology in Primates: A Review

Table 1

Mean fiber type (±standard deviation, when available) percentages in muscles of selected primates and non-primates.

Species Muscle (N)	FG*	FOG*	SO*	Reference
Felis domesticus
LGa (6)	66.65 (4.16)	15.60 (2.46)	17.75 (2.35)	[106]
Mga	42.0	28.0	28.0	[106]
Soleus (6)	0.00	0.78 (0.78)	99.06 (0.94)	[106]
Plantaris
Macaca mulatta
LGa** (4)		76.00	24.00	[107]
MGa** (4)		78.00	22.00	[107]
Soleus (5)	0.00	39.00 (1.14)	61.00 (0.43)	[108]
Cavia porcellus
LGa (1)	56	32	12	[109]
MGa (1)	54	24	22	[109]
Soleus (1)	0	0	100	[109]
Plantaris (1)	73	23	6	[109]
Rattus norvegicus
LGa (1)	58	37	5	[109]
MGa (1)	58	38	4	[109]
Soleus (1)	0	16	84	[109]
Plantaris (1)	53	41	6	[109]
Galago senegalensis
LGa (1)	56	29	15	[109]
Soleus (1)	0	13	87	[109]
Plantaris	56	30	19	[109]
Nycticebus coucang
LGa (1)	41	14	45	[109]
Soleus (1)	21	7	72	[109]
Didelphis virginiana
LGa (7)	0.00	60.2 (0.4)	38.8 (0.4)	[110]
MGa (7)	0.00	47.4 (0.14)	52.6 (0.14)	[110]
Macaca fascicularis
Deep LGa (3)	49.67	19.67	30.67	[111]
Deep MGa (3)	42.67	28.00	29.33	[111]
Soleus (2)	0.00	6.50	93.50	[111]
Plantaris (3)	48.00	25.33	26.67	[111]
Galago senegalensis***
LGa (7)	38.00	30.00	25.00	[112]
MGa (7)	40.00	35.00	30.00	[112]
Soleus (7)	0.00	27.00	32.00	[112]
Plantaris (7)	38.00	27.00	23.00	[112]
Mephitis mephitis
LGa (12)	0.00	64.4 (15.1)	35.6 (15.1)	[113]
MGa (12)	0.00	42.7 (4.4)	57.3 (4.4)	[113]
Soleus (12)	0.00	0.00	100.00 (0.0)	[113]
Plantaris (12)		67.2 (6.1)	32.8 (6.1)	[113]
Mus musculus
LGa (12)	69	30	1	[114]
MGa (12)	55	32	8	[114]
Soleus (12)	0	42	58	[114]
Plantaris (12)	41	59	0	[114]

* FG, FOG, and SO fiber types as in Peters et al. [110]. Fiber types correspond to Type IIB, Type IIA, and Type I fibers, respectively. **No distinction was made in the distribution of Type II fibers for this species. Thus, the percentage of Type II fibers was grouped under FOG. ***Subjects had been immobilized for 6 months.