Making Space for Permanent Molars in Growing Baboon (Papio anubis) and Great Ape (Pan paniscus and P. troglodytes) Mandibles: Possible Ontogenetic Strategies and Solutions

Table 5

Mandible measurements.

Measurement (abbreviation)	Description
Body width (BODTH)	The minimum thickness of the corpus measured across M1 or the gubernaculum of the same tooth with the jaws of the callipers orthogonal to the occlusal plane
Body height (BODH)	Corpus height from the inferior-most point of the crest of the buccal alveolar bone opposite the mesiobuccal root of M1, or the inferior border of M1 gubernaculum to the lower border of the mandible
Mandible length (MANDL)	The minimum anteroposterior length of the mandible measured between a line perpendicular to the posterior-most points of the condyles to a line perpendicular to the anterior-most point of the symphysis (measured with a mandible board)
Posterior length (POSTL)	The length of the mandible from the anterior inferior margin of the mandible foramen to the distal margin of dm2 (infant or juvenile) or from the same margin to the anterior margin of M1 (once dm2 is shed) measured on the lingual side
Junction width (JNCW)	The maximum width of the corpus at the junction of the ramus and the corpus with the caliper jaw orthogonal to the occlusal plane
Ramus width (RAMAP)	The minimum anteroposterior width of the ascending ramus