The Jaw Adductor Resultant and Estimated Bite Force in Primates

Table 1

Primary data in this study.

Species	Diet	Body mass (kg)^a	Greaves ratio (%)	Location of last molar (%)	Resultant orientation (degrees)	Muscle resultant force (N)	Posterior; bite force; (N)
SUBSET 1
Avahi laniger	Leaves	1.18	24.07	39.45	77	92.41	55.62
Cheirogaleus medius	Fruit	0.28	21.55	46.77	86	34.24	15.40
Eulemur collaris	Fruit	2.05	19.73	41.25	95	143.32	58.08
Eulemur coronatus	Fruit	1.66	19.31	41.68	93	178.93	82.50
Eulemur macaco flavifrons	Fruit	2.44	14.23	36.33	99	130.87	44.93
Eulemur mongoz	Fruit	1.62	18.55	40.18	90	136.06	60.63
Eulemur rubriventer	Fruit	1.96	19.93	37.27	89	176.58	84.56
Galago moholi	Insects	0.18	21.71	45.25	83	34.53	16.58
Hapalemur griseus	Leaves	0.71	20.70	40.39	87	125.27	62.78
Lemur catta	Fruit	2.21	19.10	41.37	92	126.84	56.51
Lepilemur leucopus	Leaves	0.61	22.34	43.97	85	64.06	36.49
Microcebus murinus	Fruit	0.12	22.25	40.92	94	17.95	8.83
Mirza coquereli	Insects	0.32	18.04	41.45	90	34.43	14.72
Nycticebus coucang	Insects	0.65	25.70	46.09	99	118.01	46.99
Nycticebus pygmaeus	Insects	0.42	24.05	48.71	92	70.34	35.81
Otolemur crassicaudatus	Fruit	1.15	21.17	41.58	90	352.18	114.19
Perodicticus potto	Fruit	1.23	23.38	49.90	88	79.56	36.30
Propithecus coquereli	Leaves	3.99	19.42	40.08	88	283.21	134.00
Propithecus diadema	Leaves	6.10	18.82	34.71	86	555.34	211.21
Propithecus tattersalli	Leaves	3.49	21.15	43.10	85	440.67	228.87
Varecia rubra	Fruit	3.49	19.43	38.84	95	154.90	69.55
Tarsius syrichta	Insects	0.13	19.21	41.55	90	49.15	20.99
SUBSET 2
Alouatta fusca	Leaves	5.54	19.52	34.93	91	140.38	51.01
Aotus trivirgatus	Fruit	0.77	19.80	41.08	93	35.02	14.72
Ateles geoffroyi	Fruit	7.54	24.52	44.49	90	176.29	78.68
Callicebus torquatus	Fruit	1.25	18.35	40.08	103	19.91	6.77
Callimico goeldii	Fungi	0.48	20.06	41.07	94	28.55	12.16
Mico argentatus	Gum	0.35	21.99	42.55	92	12.75	6.08
Cebus nigrivittatus	Fruit	2.91	22.02	35.09	99	113.89	60.04
Saguinus fuscicollis	Insects	0.35	26.37	47.27	87	20.60	11.28
Saimiri sciureus	Fruit	0.72	19.16	60.54	100	10.20	3.92
Callithrix jacchus	Gum	0.32	18.75	44.99	93	17.07	6.18
SUBSET 3
Alouatta fusca	Leaves	5.54	27.75	44.26	71	141.36	77.20
Ateles geoffroyi	Fruit	7.54	23.75	48.00	98	176.48	76.62
Callithrix jacchus	Gum	0.32	23.10	50.00	93	16.28	6.97
Colobus polykomos	Leaves	9.10	22.73	44.32	86	213.17	93.39
Colobus rufomitratus	Leaves	9.10	19.81	39.63	93	276.74	108.40
Saguinus fuscicollis	Insects	0.35	24.94	50.82	87	18.44	8.93

^aBody mass values are means from Smith and Jungers [37].