Review Article
Root Anatomy and Root Canal Configuration of Human Permanent Mandibular Premolars: A Systematic Review
Table 6
Summary of various developmental anomalies that have been reported in mandibular premolars.
| Mandibular premolar | Developmental anomalies | Root/root canal anatomy | Diagnostic mode | Reference |
| 1st premolar | Dens invaginatus | 2 roots | R/G | Hartup [81], 1997 | Dens invaginatus | N/A | R/G | Bramante et al. [82], 1993 | Dens invaginatus | N/A | R/G | Tavano et al. [83], 1994 | Gemination | 3 canals | R/G | Aryanpour et al. [84], 2002 | Dens invaginatus | 1 root | R/G | Er et al. [85], 2007 | Dens invaginatus (bilateral) | N/A | R/G | Canger et al. [86], 2009 |
| 2nd premolar | Dens evaginatus | N/A | R/G | Koh et al. [87], 2001 | Fusion with mandibular first molar | 5 canals | R/G | Tsesis et al. [88], 2003 | Fusion with supernumerary tooth | N/A | Clinical |
Sathish Muthukumar et al. [89], 2012 | Taurodontism | 3 canal | CBCT | Mokhtari et al. [77], 2013 | Taurodontism | 5 canals | R/G | DemiryĆ¼rek et al. [90], 2013 |
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CBCT: cone beam computed tomography, R/G: radiograph, and N/A: not available.
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