Infraorbital Foramen and Pterygopalatine Fossa Location in Dry Skulls: Anatomical Guidelines for Local Anesthesia

Table 2

Studies comparing locations of IOF to IOM sorted by date.

Studies	Measurements (mm)	Number of skulls, ethnic background	Measurements done on
1993, Hindy and Abdel-Raouf [10]	6.10	(i) 30 adult skulls	(i) Dry skulls
		(ii) 15 adult human cadavers, Egypt	(ii) Radiographs (panoramic)
1995, Chung et al. [5]	8.60	124 skulls, Korea	Photographs
1998, Silva [11]	6.80	100 human skulls	Skulls
1999, Canan [12]	Females: 8.30	45 cadavers	Skulls
	Males: 10.90
2000, Aziz et al. [6]	Females: 7.80	47 cadavers	Skulls
	Males: 8.50
2001, Kazkayasi et al. [8]	7.19	Cadavers	Microscopically
2002, Karakaş et al. [13]	6.70	31 Caucasians	Skulls
2009, Macedo et al. [14]	6.37	295 human skulls	Skulls
2011, Singh [15]	6.16	55 Indian skulls	Skulls
2015, Aggarwal et al. [3]	6.32	67 dry adult skulls	Skulls
2017, this study	6.60	51 human skulls	Skulls