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Reference | Study sample | Local anesthetic | Block operator | Surgical procedure | Outcome |
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Sforza et al., 2011 [21] | 14 cases 14 controls | 10 mL/side of 0.5% bupivacaine with 10 mL/side lidocaine + 1 : 200,000 epinephrine | Surgical team | Abdominoplasty | Superior analgesia compared to IV/PO medications |
Kadam and Moran 2011 [22] | 15 cases 15 controls | 8 mL/hr/side (continuous bilateral catheters) of 0.2% ropivacaine | Anesthesia team | Variety of upper and/or lower abdominal surgery | Noninferior outcome compared to epidural analgesia |
Hivelin et al., 2011 [23] | 15 cases 15 controls | 1.5 mg/kg/side of 0.475% ropivacaine | Surgical team | Breast reconstruction with deep inferior epigastric perforator flap | Superior analgesia compared to IV/PO medications |
McMorrow et al., 2011 [24] | 40 cases 40 controls* | 1 mg/kg/side of 0.375% bupivacaine | Anesthesia team | C-section | Inferior analgesia compared to intrathecal morphine |
Mei et al., 2011 [25] | 4 cases | 20 mL/side** of 0.5% ropivacaine | Anesthesia team (US-guided) | C-section | Superior analgesia compared to local infiltration |
Bharti et al., 2011 [17] | 20 cases 20 controls | 20 mL/side of 0.25% bupivacaine | Surgical team | Colorectal surgery | Superior analgesia compared to IV/PO medications |
Børglum et al. 2011 [15] | 25 cases | 30 mL/side of 0.25% bupivacaine | Anesthesia team (US-guided) | Various upper and/or lower abdominal surgery | Significant reduction in pain and anticipated need for IV/PO analgesics |
Niraj et al., 2011 [26] | 29 cases 33 controls | 1 mg/kg/side/8 hr (intermittent dosing through bilateral catheters) of 0.375% bupivacaine | Anesthesia team (US-guided) | Open hepatobiliary or renal surgery | Noninferior outcome compared to epidural analgesia |
Aveline et al., 2011 [27] | 134 cases 139 controls | 1.5 mg/kg (unilateral block) of 0.5% L-bupivacaine | Anesthesia team (US-guided) | Open inguinal hernia repair | Superior analgesia compared to landmark-based ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve block |
Owen et al., 2011 [18] | 16 cases 18 controls | 20 mL/side of 0.25% bupivacaine | Surgical team | C-section | Superior analgesia compared to IV/PO medications |
Gravante et al., 2011 [28] | 51 cases | 1 mg/kg/side of 0.5% bupivacaine | Surgical team | Abdominoplasty | Superior analgesia compared to IV/PO medications |
Allcock et al., 2010 [29] | 2 cases | 20 mL/side bolus with 0.5% bupivacaine + 1 : 400,000 epinephrine followed by 8 mL/hr bilateral continuous infusion of 0.125% bupivacaine | Anesthesia team (US-guided) | Major thorax/abdominal trauma | Superior outcomes compared to expected results with IV/PO medications |
Baaj et al., 2010 [30] | 20 cases 20 controls | 20 mL/side of 0.25% bupivacaine | Anesthesia team (US-guided) | C-section | Superior analgesia compared to IV/PO medications |
Heil et al., 2010 [31] | 3 cases | 30 mL unilateral bolus of 1.5% mepivacaine followed by 8 mL/hr continuous unilateral infusion of 0.2% ropivacaine | Anesthesia team (US-guided) | Open inguinal hernia repair | Superior outcome compared to anticipated results with IV/PO medications |
Chiono et al., 2010 [32] | 33 cases | 15 mL (unilateral block) of 0.33% ropivacaine | Anesthesia team (US-guided) | Iliac crest bone graft | Superior outcome compared to anticipated results with IV/PO medications |
Araco et al., 2010 [19] | 34 cases 41 controls | 1 mg/kg/side of 0.5% bupivacaine | Surgical team | Abdominoplasty | Superior analgesia compared to IV/PO medications |
Griffiths et al., 2010 [33] | 32 cases 33 controls | 15 mL/side of 0.5% ropivacaine | Anesthesia team (US-guided) | Gynecological malignancy surgery | No benefit in analgesia compared to IV/PO medications |
Lee et al., 2010 [34] | 50 cases | 20 mL of 1% ropivacaine for unilateral blocks and 20 mL/side of 0.5% ropivacaine for bilateral blocks | Anesthesia team (US-guided) | Dermatomal coverage of subcostal versus posterior approach | Most cephalad dermatome of T8 by subcostal approach versus T10 by posterior approach |
Kanazi et al., 2010 [35] | 29 cases 28 controls | 20 mL/side of 0.375% bupivacaine + 1 : 200,000 epinephrine | Anesthesia team (US-guided) | C-section | Inferior analgesia compared to intrathecal morphine |
Mukhtar and Khattak 2010 [36] | 10 cases 10 controls | 20 mL (unilateral block) of 0.5% bupivacaine | Anesthesia team | Renal transplant | Superior analgesia compared to IV/PO medications |
Conaghan et al., 2010 [37] | 40 cases 34 controls | 20 mL/side of 0.25% L-bupivacaine | Anesthesia team (US-guided) | Laparoscopic colorectal surgery | Superior analgesia compared to IV/PO medications |
Araco et al., 2010 [38] | 24 cases | 1 mg/kg/side of 0.5% bupivacaine | Surgical team | Abdominoplasty | Superior outcome compared to anticipated results with IV/PO medications |
Asensio-Samper et al., 2010 [39] | 2 cases | 20 mL (unilateral block) of 0.5% ropivacaine | Anesthesia team (US-guided) | Morphine pump implantation | Superior outcome compared to anticipated results with IV/PO medications |
Costello et al., 2009 [40] | 47 cases 49 controls | 20 mL/side of 0.375 Ropivacaine | Anesthesia team | C-section | Noninferior outcome compared to intrathecal morphine |
Jankovic et al., 2009 [41] | 7 cases 35 controls | 20 mL unilateral bolus of 0.375% L-bupivacaine followed by 10 mL/hr continuous unilateral 0.15% Bupivacaine infusion | Surgical team | Renal transplant | Superior outcome compared to IV/PO medications |
Niraj et al., 2009 [42] | 3 cases | 20 mL/side/12 hr of 0.5% or 0.375% bupivacaine for bilateral catheters and 25 mL/12 hr of 0.5% bupivacaine for unilateral catheter | Anesthesia team (US-guided) | Upper and/or lower abdominal surgeries | Superior outcome compared to anticipated results with IV/PO medications |
Belavy et al., 2009 [43] | 23 cases 24 controls | 20 mL/side of 0.5% ropivacaine | Anesthesia team (US-guided) | C-section | Superior outcome compared to IV/PO medications |
Niraj et al., 2009 [44] | 3 cases | 1 mg/kg/side of 0.375% bupivacaine | Anesthesia team (US-guided) | Upper abdominal surgery | Superior outcome compared to anticipated results with IV/PO medications |
Niraj et al., 2009 [45] | 26 cases 26 controls | 20 mL (unilateral block) of 0.5% bupivacaine | Anesthesia team (US-guided) | Open appendectomy | Superior outcome compared to IV/PO medications |
El-Dawlatly et al., 2009 [46] | 21 cases 21 controls | 15 mL/side of 0.5% bupivacaine | Anesthesia team (US-guided) | Laparoscopic cholecystectomy | Superior outcome compared to IV/PO medications |
Carney et al., 2008 [47] | 24 cases 26 controls | 1.5 mg/kg (max 20 mL)/side of 0.75% ropivacaine | Anesthesia team | Total abdominal hysterectomy | Superior outcome compared to IV/PO medications |
McDonnell et al., 2008 [48] | 25 cases 25 controls | 1.5 mg/kg (max 20 mL)/side of 0.75% ropivacaine | Anesthesia team | C-section | Superior outcome compared to IV/PO medications |
McDonnell et al., 2007 [12] | 16 cases 16 controls | 20 mL/side of 0.375% L-bupivacaine | Anesthesia team | Bowel resection | Superior outcome compared to IV/PO medications |
O’Donnell 2006 [8] | 12 cases | 20 mL/side of 0.375% bupivacaine | Anesthesia team | Open retropubic prostatectomy | Superior outcome compared to anticipated results with IV/PO medications |
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