Goal-Directed vs Traditional Approach to Intraoperative Fluid Therapy during Open Major Bowel Surgery: Is There a Difference?

Table 1

Grades of postoperative complications (as adapted from Dindo et al. [13]).

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Grade 1: confusion, noninfectious diarrhea, transient elevation of creatinine

Grade 2: infectious diarrhea, blood transfusion, wound/urinary tract/blood/sputum infection

Grade IIIa: requiring surgical intervention not under GA (secondary suturing under local anaesthesia)

Grade IIIb: requiring surgical intervention under GA (anastomotic leak requiring general anaesthesia for repair)

Grade IVa: single organ dysfunction requiring ICU

Grade IVb: multiorgan dysfunction

Suffix “d”: if the patient suffers from a complication at the time of discharge, the suffix “d” (for disability) is added to the respective grade of complication. This label indicates the need for a follow-up to fully evaluate the complication.

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