Aetiology, Clinical Presentation, and Outcome of Meningitis in Patients Coinfected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Tuberculosis

Table 1

Baseline characteristics and details of meningitis in 10 patients coinfected with HIV and TB.

Patient

Age, years

Gender

SAPiT arm

CD4+ cell count, cells/mm^3

First AIDS defining condition

Previous TB

Previous meningitis

Aetiology of meningitis

Recurrent Meningitis^a (time from first episode, days)

ART

Presenting clinical features

Outcome

1

31

F

Early

65

Yes

Yes

No

Cryptococcal

No

Yes

Headache, neck stiffness, photophobia

Recovered

2

30

F

Postcontinuation

298

Yes

No

No

Cryptococcal

No

Yes

Headache, neck stiffness, vomiting, photophobia

Recovered

3

45

F

Early

2

Yes

Yes

No

Cryptococcal & acute bacterial

No

Yes

Headache, neck stiffness, photophobia, confusion

Recovered

Cryptococcal

Yes— cryptococcal (39 days)

Yes

Cutaneous cryptococcal lesions

Recovered

4

48

M

Postcontinuation

54

Yes

No

No

Cryptococcal

No

No

Headache, fever

Recovered, death from cerebral glioma

5

33

M

Postintensive

12

Yes

No

No

Cryptococcal

No

No

Headache, neck stiffness, vomiting

Recovered

Cryptococcal

Yes—cryptococcal (40 days)

No

Headache, neck stiffness vomiting

Recovered, death from lung abscess

6

33

M

Postcontinuation

2

Yes

Yes

No

Cryptococcal

No

Yes

Headache, neck stiffness, confusion

Death

7

24

M

Postintensive

18

Yes

No

No

Cryptococcal

No

No

Headache, neck stiffness, vomiting

Recovered

Cryptococcal

Yes—cryptococcal (126 days)

Yes

Headache, neck stiffness, vomiting, fever

Recovered with neurological impairment

Cryptococcal & Tuberculous

Yes—Tuberculous and cryptococcal (188 days)

Yes

Headache, neck stiffness, fever, focal signs

Death

8

34

M

Early

8

Yes

No

No

Tuberculous

No

No

Headache, neck stiffness, photophobia, loss of appetite

Recovered, death from pneumonia

9

33

M

Early

7

No

Yes

Yes

Tuberculous

No

Yes

Headache, neck stiffness, confusion, focal signs

Death

10

26

F

Postcontinuation

14

No

Yes

Yes

Tuberculous

No

Yes

Neck stiffness, confusion

Death

^aRecurrent meningitis refers to cases of meningitis that occurred during the follow-up period.
Note. All cases of cryptococcal meningitis were confirmed by a positive India ink stain or positive cryptococcal antigen test on CSF. The diagnoses of tuberculous meningitis were based on clinical features and CSF abnormalities in keeping with our case definition. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was not isolated in the CSF in any of these cases.