Review Article
Nephrotoxicity of HAART
Table 2
Selective drugs causing AKI in HIV-infected patients.
| | Drugs | Acute tubular injury (ATI) or AKI | Acute interstitial nephritis | Other associated abnormalities |
| | TMP-SMX (Bactrim) | | | Hyperkalemia, crystalluria | | β-lactams | | | | | Sulfadiazine | | | Crystalluria, nephrolithiasis | |
Fluoroquinolones | |
+
| | | Rifampin |
+
|
+
| Hypokalemia, hypouricemia, hypernatremia, vasculitis | | INH | |
+
| Overdose leads to high anion gap metabolic acidosis | | NSAIDs | |
+
| Proteinuria, secondary minimal change disease, papillary necrosis | | Dapsone | | | Papillary necrosis | | Amphotericin B | | | Hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypernatremia, NDI | | Pentamidine | | | Crystalluria, hyperkalemia | | Foscarnet | | | Hypercalcemia/hypernatremia, Glomerular crystals | |
Ganciclovir |
+
| | | | Acyclovir |
+
| | Crystalluria | | Indinavir, atazanavir | |
+
| Crystalluria, nephrolithiasis | | Abacavir | | | | | Tenofovir | | | Fanconi, NDI |
|
|
Key: + mild, moderate, severe injury. NDI: nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
|
