Neuropathology of AIDS: An Autopsy Review of 284 Cases from Brazil Comparing the Findings Pre- and Post-HAART (Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy) and Pre- and Postmortem Correlation

Table 3

Comparison between different studies regarding lesions to the central nervous system, in a series of autopsies of patients with HIV infection.

(a)

Pre-HAART	𝑁	Les	Tox	Cry	CMV	HIV	PML	Nod Enc	Lym	Vas
Moskowitz et al. 1984 Miami, USA [4]	52	73.0	30.8	1.9	3.8	9.6	3.8	7.7	1.9	7.6
Anders et al. 1986 Los Angeles, USA [5]	89	74.0	6.7	12.4	15.7	?	6.7	47.2	3.4	19.1
Petito et al. 1986 New York, USA [17]	153	80.0	10.0	< 3	26.0	28.0	< 3	17.0	6.0	0
Budka et al. 1987 Europe [15]	100	95.0	17.0	9.0	18.0	38.0	5.0	17.0	6.0	11.0
Lang et al .1989 Switzerland [7]	135	88.0	26.0	4.0	10.0	16.0	7.0	13.0	7.0
Chimelli et al. 1992 Rio/S.Paulo, Brazil [9]	252	91.3	34.1	13.5	7.9	10.7	0.8	6.7	3.9	7.9
Wainstein et al. 1992 P. Alegre, Brazil [18]	138	59.0	21.0	12.0	0	5.1	0	0	1.4	10.0

(b)

Post-HAART	𝑃	𝑁/ NG	Les	Tox	Cry	CMV	HIV	PML	Nod Enc	Lym	Vas
Masliah et al. 2000 California, USA [3]	1982–1998	390	63	2.8	5.6	18.5	26.9	3.1	0	9.5	0
Jellinger et al. 2000 Austria [2]	1984–1999	450
	1984–1992	190		24.0	3.1	17.4	16.1	5.7	3.1	6.3	8.8
	1993–1995	162	80.0	20.4	4.4	20.4	13.8	8.7	8.1	11.2	6.8
	1996–1999	98	60.0	8.0	4.0	11.0	15.0	5.0	0	6.0	10.0
Morgello et al. 2002 New York, USA [20]	1979–2000	394	64.0				15.0	1.8		4.6
	1979–1986	88	59.0				10.0	4.0		1.0
	1987–1995	207	58.0				17.0	0		5.0
	1996–2000	99	80.0				15.0	2.0		7.0
Neuenburg et al. 2002 Germany [21]	1985–1999	371	85.0	7.0	1.1	25.3	37.7	3.5		9.4	12.4
	1985-1986	32		9.4	3.1	21.9	34.4	6.3		15.6
	1987–1992	170		7.7	1.2	35.9	33.5	1.2		11.2
	1993–1995	127		5.5	0.8	15.7	37.0	7.1		7.9
	1996–1999	42		7.1	0	9.5	59.5	0		2.4
Vago et al. 2002 Italy [22]	1984–2000	1597					30.4
	1984–1987	119					54.0
	1988–1994	1116					32.0
	1995-1996	256					18.0
	1997–2000	106					15.0
Gray et al. 2003 France [19]	1985–2002	343
	1985–1991
	1992–1996
	1997–2002	23		13.0	0	8.7	17.4	17.4		13.0
Walsh et al. 2004 Canada [23]	1985–2002	16	75.0	18.7	0	0	50.0	25.0	0	12.5	0
	1	5		60.0			60.0	20.0		0
	2	11		0			27.3	27.3		18.2
Silva et al. (current study) 2011 Uberaba, Brazil [33]	1989–2008	284	58.1	29.9	15.8	2.5	2.8	0.3	1.1	1.4	1.1
	A	163	63.8	36.2	16.6	3.1	1.8	0.6	1.2	1.8	0
	B	76	48.7	23.7	14.5	1.3	0	0	1.3	1.3	1.3
	C	45	53.3	17.8	15.6	2.2	11.1	0	0	0	4.4

𝑁: number of cases, NG: number of cases in each group; 𝑃: period; the last period corresponds to HAART; Les: lesion; all lesions are expressed in percentages; Tox: toxoplasmosis; Cry: cryptococcosis, CMV: cytomegalovirus, HIV: HIV encephalitis/leukoencephalopathy; PML: progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy JC virus; Lym: primary central nervous system non-Hodgkin lymphoma; Vas: vascular lesion (infarction, hemorrhage). Only Gray et al. Walsh et al. and the current study separated the groups by analyzing the therapy used in each patient; the others divided the groups according to treatment available at the time.