The Changing Epidemiology of Oropharyngeal Candidiasis in Patients with HIV/AIDS in the Era of Antiretroviral Therapy

Table 2

Logistic models of different epidemiologic factors impacting OPC, colonization, and decreased susceptibility to fluconazole.

Model^1	Odds ratio (CI)	𝑃value
Colonization status^2
Smoker	4.07 (1.18, 14.08)	0.027
History of antifungal use	0.44 (0.22, 0.91)	0.026
OPC presence^3
Age	0.94 (0.91, 0.98)	0.006
On ART therapy	0.36 (0.18, 0.72)	0.004
Decreased susceptibility to fluconazole^1
History of esophageal 𝐶𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑑𝑎	7.16 (1.22, 41.96)	0.029
Denture use	3.06 (1, 9.37)	0.049

¹All models are logistic models constructed using forward model selection on the covariates CD4 count, viral load, age, race, ethnicity, gender, history of smoking, diabetes status, history of esophageal Candida, denture use, on ART, and the history of antifungal use.
²The dependent variable is colonized (yes/no).
³The dependent variable is presence of OPC (yes/no).
⁴The dependent variable is decreased susceptibility to fluconazole (yes/no).