Review Article

Cost-Effectiveness of Antiretroviral Therapy for Multidrug-Resistant HIV: Past, Present, and Future

Table 1

Publications of pivotal studies of drugs for multidrug-resistant HIV.

DrugAbbreviated study title and durationStudy treatment ( ) and comparator ( ) armsJournal and date of publication

TORO 1 (24 wks)ENF + 3–5 drug OBT (328) versus 3–5 drug OBT (167)NEJM, May 2003 [14]
TORO 2 (24 wks)ENF + 3–5 drug OBT (335) versus 3–5 drug OBT (169)NEJM, May 2003 [15]
Enfuvirtide (ENF)TORO 1 and 2
 48 wk efficacyENF + OBT (661) versus OBT (334)JAIDS, December 2005 [16]
 48 wk safetyENF + OBT (663) versus OBT (334)JAIDS, December 2005 [29]

Tipranavir (TPV)RESIST (48 wks)TPV/r + OBT (746) versus CPI/r + OBT (737)Lancet, August 2006 [31]

POWER 1 (24 wks)DRV/r in 1 of 4 doses + OBT (255) versus CPI/r + OBT (63)AIDS, February 2007 [37]
Darunavir (DRV)POWER 2 (24 wks)DRV/r in 1 of 4 doses + OBT (225) versus CPI/r + OBT (53)AIDS, March 2007 [38]
POWER 1 and 2 (48 wks)DRV/r 600/100 mg BID + OBT (110) versus CPI/r + OBT (120)Lancet, April 2007 [32]

DUET 1 (24 wks)ETR + DRV/r + OBT (304) versus DRV/r + OBT (308)Lancet, July 2007 [33]
Etravirine (ETR)DUET 2 (24 wks)ETR + DRV/r + OBT (295) versus DRV/r + OBT (296)Lancet, July 2007 [34]
DUET 1 and 2 (48 wks)ETR + DRV/r + OBT (599) versus DRV/r + OBT (604)AIDS, November 2009 [39]

Raltegravir (RAL)BENCHMRK 1 and 2 (48 wks)RAL + OBT (462) + OBT (237)NEJM, July 2008 [36]

Maraviroc (MVC)MOTIVATE 1 and 2 (48 wks)MVC QD + OBT (414) versus MVC BID + OBT (426) versus OBT (209) NEJM, October 2008 [35]

OBT: optimized background therapy; CPI: comparator protease inhibitor; r: ritonavir; QD: once daily; BID: twice daily; NEJM: The New England Journal of Medicine; JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes.