Research Article

The Intersection between Sex Work and Reproductive Health in Northern Karnataka, India: Identifying Gaps and Opportunities in the Context of HIV Prevention

Table 2

Factors associated with ongoing sex work during pregnancy among primiparous female sex workers ( ).

Continued sex work during pregnancy after becoming aware of pregnancy ( )
Row %Univariate analysisMultivariate analysis***
Crude OR (95% CI) valueAdjusted OR (95% CI) value

Age-group
25
 >25
154
97
93.5
89.7
Ref
0.60 (0.24, 1.5)
0.3
Devadasi status
 No
 Yes
158
93
89.9
95.7
Ref
2.5 (0.81, 7.7)
0.1
Literacy
 Literate
 Illiterate
178
73
92.7
90.4
Ref
0.74 (0.28, 1.9)
0.5
Duration in sex work
1 year
 >1 year
49
202
83.7
94.1
Ref
3.1 (1.2, 8.0)
0.02Ref
2.7 (1.0, 7.5)
0.05
Long-term partner at time of pregnancy
 No
 Yes
38
213
91.7
94.6
Ref
1.6 (0.74, 3.3)
0.2
Mobile*
 No
 Yes
145
106
92.4
91.5
Ref
0.88 (0.35, 2.2)
0.8
Place of residence (%)
 Urban
 Rural
89
162
86.5
95.1
Ref
3.0 (1.2, 7.6)
0.02Ref
3.3 (1.2, 8.9)
0.02
Received at least one HIV test during the pregnancy
 No
 Yes
112
139
85.7
97.0
Ref
5.6 (1.8, 17.4)
0.003Ref
6.3 (2.0, 20.1)
0.002
Voluntary abortion during the pregnancy
 No
 Yes
209
42
92.8
88.0
Ref
0.57 (0.20, 1.7)
0.3
Experienced pregnancy loss (spontaneous abortion or stillbirth) during the pregnancy
 No
 Yes
194
57
93.8
84.0
Ref
0.40 (0.16, 1.0)
0.06
Place of delivery ( **)
 Health-care facility
 Home
110
87
98.2
95.4
Ref
0.38 (0.07, 2.1)
0.3
Aware of methods to prevent mother to child transmission of HIV
 No
 Yes
189
62
91.5
93.6
Ref
1.3 (0.43, 4.2)
0.6

*FSWs who also travel to a village or city outside their place of residence to conduct sex work. **Includes stillbirth. ***Multivariate analysis includes primiparous FSWs who experienced a miscarriage, or received a voluntary abortion. Final multivariate model includes the following variables: duration in sex work, place of residence, antenatal HIV testing.