The Intersection between Sex Work and Reproductive Health in Northern Karnataka, India: Identifying Gaps and Opportunities in the Context of HIV Prevention
Table 2
Factors associated with ongoing sex work during pregnancy among primiparous female sex workers ().
Continued sex work during pregnancy after becoming aware of pregnancy ()
Row %
Univariate analysis
Multivariate analysis***
Crude OR (95% CI)
value
Adjusted OR (95% CI)
value
Age-group
25 >25
154 97
93.5 89.7
Ref 0.60 (0.24, 1.5)
0.3
—
—
Devadasi status
No Yes
158 93
89.9 95.7
Ref 2.5 (0.81, 7.7)
0.1
—
—
Literacy
Literate Illiterate
178 73
92.7 90.4
Ref 0.74 (0.28, 1.9)
0.5
—
—
Duration in sex work
1 year >1 year
49 202
83.7 94.1
Ref 3.1 (1.2, 8.0)
0.02
Ref 2.7 (1.0, 7.5)
0.05
Long-term partner at time of pregnancy
No Yes
38 213
91.7 94.6
Ref 1.6 (0.74, 3.3)
0.2
—
—
Mobile*
No Yes
145 106
92.4 91.5
Ref 0.88 (0.35, 2.2)
0.8
—
—
Place of residence (%)
Urban Rural
89 162
86.5 95.1
Ref 3.0 (1.2, 7.6)
0.02
Ref 3.3 (1.2, 8.9)
0.02
Received at least one HIV test during the pregnancy
No Yes
112 139
85.7 97.0
Ref 5.6 (1.8, 17.4)
0.003
Ref 6.3 (2.0, 20.1)
0.002
Voluntary abortion during the pregnancy
No Yes
209 42
92.8 88.0
Ref 0.57 (0.20, 1.7)
0.3
—
—
Experienced pregnancy loss (spontaneous abortion or stillbirth) during the pregnancy
No Yes
194 57
93.8 84.0
Ref 0.40 (0.16, 1.0)
0.06
—
—
Place of delivery (**)
Health-care facility Home
110 87
98.2 95.4
Ref 0.38 (0.07, 2.1)
0.3
—
—
Aware of methods to prevent mother to child transmission of HIV
No Yes
189 62
91.5 93.6
Ref 1.3 (0.43, 4.2)
0.6
—
—
*FSWs who also travel to a village or city outside their place of residence to conduct sex work. **Includes stillbirth. ***Multivariate analysis includes primiparous FSWs who experienced a miscarriage, or received a voluntary abortion. Final multivariate model includes the following variables: duration in sex work, place of residence, antenatal HIV testing.