Authors Year Analysis type Objective No. of patients Results Statistical value Cantwell-McNelis and James [2 ] 2002 Retrospective Evaluation of a pharmacist run adherence program 80 (i) Increase in refill rates by patients in contact with a pharmacist (31 versus 50 days)
(ii) Significant decrease in viral load (values not reported)
Foisy and Akai [3 ] 2004 Observational, prospective Describe the implementation of a pharmacy driven direct-observation therapy service 57 (i) 149 drug-related problems identified with 95% acceptance of recommendations Castillo et al. [4 ] 2004 Retrospective, observational Compare the impact of different levels of pharmacy care on adherence and time to viral suppression 489 (i) AIDS-tertiary pharmacies had highest rates of adherence compared to outside pharmacies and physician clinics
(ii) Probability of HIV-1 RNA suppression by 12 months was 74.6% for the AIDS tertiary pharmacies, 59.4% for off site pharmacies, and 60% for physician offices
Hirsch et al. [5 ] 2009 Cohort Investigate the impact of pharmacy established MTM services 7,018 (i) 56.3% adherence in pilot pharmacy compared to 38.1% in comparison group
(ii) Difference in excess refills (19.7% versus 44.8%, pilot pharmacy versus other pharmacies)
Ma et al. [6 ] 2010 Retrospective, cohort Investigate clinical outcomes of an HIV clinical pharmacist interventions 75 (i) Prescribed daily pill quantities reduced from a mean of 7.2 ± 3.9 to
pills per day
(ii) 25% increase in CD4+ cell count
(iii) 33% increase in patients with undetectable viral load
Henderson et al. [7 ] 2011 Prospective, cohort Evaluating antiretroviral adherence and impact of pharmacy interventions 28 (i) Overall 19% increase in adherence rates
(ii) Increase in the trend toward undetectable viral load (58–73%, baseline and postintervention)
Hirsch et al. [8 ] 2011 Cohort Evaluation of pharmacy driven MTM services 2,234 Increased adherence in the pilot pharmacy than nonpilot pharmacy by 22.1%
