Anaemia and Iron Homeostasis in a Cohort of HIV-Infected Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study in Ghana
Table 5
Immunological, haematological, and biochemical profiles of the study population stratified by disease stage.
Parameter
CD4+ lymphocyte count, cell/mm3
Stage 1 (≥500)
Stage 2 (200–499)
Stage 3 (<200)
value
Age (yrs)
38.04 ± 9.49
40.00 ± 9.46
38.24 ± 11.13
0.3871
Immunological profile
CD3 (cell/mm3)
1775.00 ± 550.40
1273.00 ± 484.20
810.70 ± 310.70
<0.0001
CD4/CD3
0.43 ± 0.09
0.32 ± 0.12
0.14 ± 0.06
<0.0001
WBC (103/μL)
5.56 ± 1.65
5.12 ± 1.89
4.97 ± 2.04
0.1597
Haematological profile
Hb (g/dL)
12.28 ± 1.37
11.92 ± 1.38
10.35 ± 1.90
<0.0001
RBC (106/μL)
4.01 ± 0.55
3.85 ± 0.53
3.64 ± 0.65
0.0015
HCT (%)
36.67 ± 3.74
35.82 ± 4.08
31.42 ± 5.21
<0.0001
MCV (fL)
92.49 ± 11.20
94.06 ± 11.67
87.27 ± 11.48
0.0025
MCH (pg)
32.55 ± 5.48
32.41 ± 4.42
29.75 ± 5.30
0.0027
MCHC (g/dL)
35.11 ± 3.64
34.54 ± 2.63
34.08 ± 3.29
0.1120
RDW-CV
14.64 ± 1.43
15.01 ± 1.55
16.16 ± 2.11
<0.0001
RDW-SD
50.79 ± 6.42
52.74 ± 7.64
53.23 ± 7.61
0.1100
PLT (103/μL)
250.30 ± 68.68
238.80 ± 75.83
237.10 ± 95.21
0.5524
Biochemical profile
Iron (μmol/L)
14.73 ± 6.08
15.32 ± 12.08
9.38 ± 7.64
0.0072
Ferritin (μg/L)
260.80 ± 48.03
262.80 ± 42.05
266.00 ± 103.10
0.9022
Transferrin (mg/dL)
197.00 ± 25.38
202.50 ± 24.69
215.70 ± 58.18
0.0143
TIBC (μg/dL)
250.20 ± 32.20
257.10 ± 31.35
273.90 ± 73.88
0.0143
% TSAT
33.60 ± 13.12
34.18 ± 15.26
21.59 ± 9.77
0.0133
Data are presented as mean ± SD. values < 0.05 were considered significant. values represent one-way ANOVA of all three variables. represents comparisons with Stage 1. represents comparisons with Stage 2. = <0.05. WBC = White Blood Cells, Hb = haemoglobin, RBC = Red Blood Cells, HCT = haematocrit, MCV = Mean Cell Volume, MCH = Mean Cell Haemoglobin, MCHC = Mean Cell Haemoglobin Concentration, RDW-CV = Red Cell Distribution Width-Cumulative Variance, RDW-SD = Red Cell Distribution Width-Standard Deviation, PLT = platelets, TIBC = Total Iron Binding Capacity, TSAT = transferrin saturation, and HAART = Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy.
