Impulsivity, Sensation Seeking, and Risk-Taking Behaviors among HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Heroin Dependent Persons

Table 4

Models of the covariance analysis (ANCOVA) for exclusion of the influence of covariates were obtained for experience seeking domain of the sensation seeking scale, variables of the balloon analogue risk task (Average Number of puffs in Successful Balloons, Number of Successful Balloons, and Average Number of puffs in Each Balloon), and the nonplanning and cognitive impulsivity from Barratt Impulsiveness Scale.

	Corrected model	Intercept	Age (years)	Education (years)	Opiate dependence duration (years)	HIV infection	Opiate dependence status (former versus current)	Receiving HIV treatment
Experience seeking
Mean square	14.27	107.10	7.22	16.25	11.00	25.83	5.53	7.69
	3.98	29.87	2.01	4.53	3.06	7.20	1.54	2.14
value	0.001	<0.01	0.159	0.35	0.083	0.008	0.217	0.146
Average Number of puffs in Successful Balloons
Mean square	527.04	4193.4	174.28	15.69	47.10	2487.03	14.19	179.10
	2.21	17.58	0.731	0.066	0.197	10.42	0.018	0.751
value	0.048	<0.01	0.395	0.798	0.658	0.002	0.895	0.388
Number of Successful Balloons
Mean square	126.94	847.47	1.09	5.28	15.91	720.09	1.21	2.75
	7.63	50.95	0.066	0.318	0.957	43.29	0.73	0.165
value	<0.01	<0.01	0.798	0.574	0.330	<0.01	0.787	0.685
Average Number of puffs in Each Balloon
Mean square	281.03	3064.51	153.83	0.058	4.14	1284.11	0.448	135.18
	1.90	20.74	1.04	<0.01	0.028	8.69	0.003	0.915
value	0.87	<0.01	0.310	0.984	0.867	0.004	0.956	0.341
Nonplanning impulsivity
Mean square	68.76	3533.44	118.46	55.24	29.42	91.09	75.97	11.19
	3.64	187.10	6.27	2.92	1.55	4.82	4.02	0.593
value	0.002	<0.01	0.014	0.09	0.215	0.03	0.047	0.443
Cognitive impulsivity
Mean square	93.89	2113.70	114.29	172.64	112.28	86.46	0.006	40.24
	5.13	115.58	6.25	9.44	6.14	4.72	<0.01	2.20
value	<0.01	<0.01	0.014	0.003	0.015	0.032	0.986	0.141