Study measures: items, content, score range, and cut-offs (if applicable.
Scale
Number of items
Content
Score
Cut-offs
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) (depression) [23]
9
Consists of the 9 criteria for diagnosis of major depression and minor depression (DSM-IV and 5); provides a provisional diagnosis and also a symptom severity score. Diagnosis of major depression requires ratings of “most days” (3) or “almost every day” (4) on 5+ items including either depressed mood or loss of interest. Minor depression requires only 3 items. Time frame: past 2 weeks.
0–27
<10 = absent/mild 10–14 = moderate 15–19 = moderately severe ≥20 = severe Diagnosis: algorithm
Consists of DSM-IV symptoms of PTSD. It generates an approximate diagnosis, using an algorithm that requires 1+ symptoms scored 3+ on individual items from each of 3 symptom clusters. Time frame: past month.
17–85
>50 = “case” Diagnosis: algorithm
Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) [27]
10
Questions about frequency and amount plus possible negative consequences and regrets. Time frame: past year.
0–40
16–19 = mild problem ≥20 = suggests need for treatment
Measures perceived ability to cope effectively “when you’re having problems.” We used 13 of the original 26 items. Example: “Sort out what can be changed and what cannot be changed.” No time frame.
Ten of the original 20 items, including both negative (“I feel isolated from others”) and positive (“There are people I can talk to”) items, the latter scored in reverse. Time frame: past 2 weeks.
10–40
None
. Higher scores represent a greater endorsement of the construct being measured. . Score doubled to enable comparison with norms.