Review Article
Radiologic Evaluation of Small Renal Masses (I): Pretreatment Management
Table 1
Staging system for renal carcinoma and CT criteria.
| Tumour position | Robson | TNM | CT findings |
| Confined within
| I | | Soft-tissue mass
enhances | renal capsule | | less than normal renal | Small (<7 cm) | | T1 | parenchyma; central | Large (7 cm) | | T2 | necrosis in large RCC. |
| | II | T3a | Perinephric stranding;
| Spread to
perinephric fat | Perinephric collateral
vessels; | | Soft-tissue mass in
perinephric space |
| Venous
thrombus | III A | | | Renal vein only
| | T3b | Low-attenuation
filling defect vein; | IVC infradiaphragmatic | | T3c | Direct continuity of
thrombus with primary mass; | IVC supradiaphragmatic | | T4b | Enhanced thrombus |
| Regional
lymph | III B | N1-N3 | Lymph nodes 1 cm in
diameter or larger | node metastases |
| Direct invasion of adjacent organs | IV A | T4a | Obliteration of normal
soft-tissues planes between tumor and adjacent organs |
| Distant
metastases
| | M1 | Metastases enhance with
IV contrast material;
| | Hepatic metastases
best in arterial phase |
|
|
IV: intravenous, IVC: inferior vena cava.
|