Bladder Dysfunction and Vesicoureteral Reflux

Table 1

Prevalence of bladder dysfunction in patients with VUR.

Reference	Age (years)	Patients with VUR (number)	Bladder dysfunction (% of total)	Overactive bladder (% of total)	Dysfunctional voiding (% of total)	Dysfunctional elimination syndrome (% of total)
Nonurodynamic investigations
Snodgrass 1991 [14]	0.1/16	39	20%
Van Gool et al. 1992 [12]		310	18%	8%	6%
Snodgrass 1998 [15]	3–10	128	52%
Homayoon et al. 2005 [16]	>3.5–4	342	20%
Urodynamic investigations
Taylor et al. 1982 [17]	4–15	37	75%	75%
Koff & Murtagh 1983 [18]	2–14	62	55%	55%
Griffiths & Scholtmeijer 1987 [9]	2–15	104		∗∗25% (23%)	∗∗14% (25%)
Scholtmeijer & Nijman 1994 [19]	0.1–15	101	38%	38%
Koff et al. 1998 [20]	after bladder control	143	46%	27%	23%	46%
Yeung et al., 2006 [21]	1–11	82	55%	∗38	∗27

∗% of those with bladder dysfunction, ∗∗in brackets additional number with OAB and dysfunctional voiding, respectively, but with some uncertainty of the diagnosis.