Review of Topical Treatment of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma

Table 2

Topical therapy of upper tract urothelial cancer.

Study	Indication	No. patients/no. renal units	Therapy	Mean follow-up, months	Comments
Jarret et al. 1995^19	Adjuvant to percutaneous treatment	17 patients/19 renal units	BCG	55	No significant improvement in survival with BCG
Elliott et al. 1996^18	Adjuvant to endoscopy	18 patients	BCG, thiotepa, MMC	NA	No difference in outcome between treated and untreated
Yokogi et al. 1996^7	CIS	5 patients/8 renal units	BCG	10–46	NED in 5/8 renal units
Martinez-Pineiro et al. 1996^17	Adjuvant to endoscopy	26 patients	BCG, MMC, thiotepa	31	12.5% recurrence with BCG, 14% with MMC, 60% with thiotepa
Keeley and Bagley, 1997^1	Adjuvant to ureteroscopy	19 patients/21 renal units	MMC	30	35% complete response, 27% partial response, 38% no response
Patel and Fuchs, 1998^12	Adjuvant to ureteroscopy	13 patients/17 renal units	BCG	15	NED in 15/17 renal units
Nishino et al. 2000^8	CIS	6 patients/8 renal units	BCG	22	NED in 8/8 renal units
Nonomura et al. 2000^9	CIS	11 patients	BCG	NA	NED in 7/11 patients
Burns et al. 2001^14	CIS, adjuvant to endoscopy	15 patients/23 renal units	BCG-IFN	15	70% response rate
Thalmann et al. 2002^13	Not eligible for open surgery	37 patients/41 renal units	BCG	42	87% recurred or progressed; 32% CIS were disease-free
Miyake et al. 2002^11	CIS	15 patients/16 renal units	BCG	30	NED in 14/16 renal units
Palou et al. 2004^20	Adjuvant to percutaneous treatment	19 patients	BCG in 14, MMC in 5	51	60% recurrence in treated patients vs 27% in untreated patients
Katz et al. 2007^16	CIS, adjuvant to endoscopy	10 patients/11 renal units	BCG-IFN	24	80% complete response, 20% partial response

^*BCG - bacillus Calmette-Guerin; MMC - mitomycin C; CIS - carcinoma in situ; IFN - interferon; NED - no evidence of disease; NA - not applicable.