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Table 4: Studies that compare techniques for the management of distal ureter end bladder cuff with other methods of treatment.

Study No. of patients Tumor grade Follow-up Outcomes Open technique Matsui et al. [22] 17 in OT 17 in SN 14 patients OT arm and 13 in SN arm grade III 8.8 months in OT and 23 months in SN No difference in DFS Klingler et al. [16] 19 in OT 15 in SN 15 patients in OT and 13 in SN arm grade II 21.1 months in OT and 23.1 months in SN CCR and RTR similar in both arms Transvesical laparoscopic technique Gill et al. [12] 42 in LT 35 in SN 34 patients in LT arm and 28 in OS arm III tumors 11.1 in LT and 34.4 months in SN CSS and TR comparable in both arms Laparoscopic stapling technique Shalhav et al. [13] 25 in LT 17 in SN 21 patients in LT arm and 14 in OS arm grade II 24 months LT 43 months SN RTR lower in LT The “pluck” technique McNeill et al. [36] 25 in PT 42 in SN 18 patients in PT arm grade II and 36 patients in SN arm grade III 32.9 months PT 42.3 months SN No difference in TR

SN: standard nephroureterectomy, OT: open technique, CCR: cancer control rate, RTR: risk of tumor recurrence, CSS: cancer specific survival, TR: tumor recurrence, ORN: open radical nephroureterectomy, PT: “pluck” technique.