Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy and Management of the Distal Ureter: A Review of Current Techniques and Outcomes

Table 3

Port-site metastasis following LNU. CR, conventional retroperitoneal; CT, conventional transperitoneal; HAT, hand-assisted transperitoneal; LNU, laparoscopic nephroureterectomy; NL, not listed; TCC, transitional cell carcinoma; TURBT, transurethral resection of bladder tumor.

Author	Surgery	Stage	Retrieval bag	Metastases location	Time to metastasis (mo)	Comments
Ahmed et al. [23]	CT	pT3	No	Widespread	8
Barrett et al. [24]	CT	pT1	No	Widespread	NL
Otani et al. [25]	CT	pT3	Yes	Trocar	3	Bag torn; preoperative diagnosis of TCC not known
Ong et al. [26]	CR	pT1	Yes	Trocar	12	Stent perforation in proximal ureter noted at time of LNU
Chueh et al. [27]	HAT	pT2	NL	Trocar	8	Bilateral LNU and TURBT performed in renal transplant patient
Micali et al. [28]	CT	pT3	Yes	NL	3
Micali et al. [28]	CR	pT3	Yes	NL	15
Micali et al. [28]	HAT	pT3	Yes	NL	3
Micali et al. [28]	CR	pT1	No	Trocar	3	Preoperative diagnosis of TCC not known
Micali et al. [28]	CR	pT1	Yes	Trocar	NL	Preoperative diagnosis of TCC not known
Micali et al. [28]	CR	pT2	Yes	Trocar	NL	Preoperative diagnosis of TCC not known
Micali et al. [28]	CR	NL	Yes	Trocar	NL	Preoperative diagnosis of TCC not known
Matsui et al. [29]	CR	pT3	No	Trocar	6	Squamous cell carcinoma
Naderi et al. [30]	CT	pT2	No	Trocar, subcostal wound	3	Required conversion to open surgery secondary to renal vein bleeding
Manabe et al. [20]	CR	NL	NL	Widespread	NL	Urine extravasation secondary to urinary tract obstruction noted preop
Schatteman et al. [9]	CT	pT4	No	Widespread	5	Preoperative diagnosis of TCC not known
Schatteman et al. [9]	CT	pT3	No	Widespread	8	Preoperative diagnosis of TCC not known
Schatteman et al. [9]	CT	pT1	Yes	Widespread	11