|
| Study | Population | Method | Results |
|
| Mao et al. 2009 [16] | 542 gay men, 40% of whom were HIV+ | Cross-sectional.
Nonstandardized instrument was used | In HIV+ men SD was associated with avoidant strategies to cope with daily life stress, sexual risk-taking in casual encounters, and use of antidepressants |
|
| Trotta et al. 2008 [12] | 612 HIV+ outpatients using HAART of whom 72% were men | Intercohort analysis 2 Italian cohort studies (AdICoNA; AdeSpall).
Global Health Status (GHS) was used | SD associated with suboptimal HAART adherence and self-reported worsening of viro-immunological parameters |
|
| Bouhnik et al. 2008 [17] | 1,812 HIV+ outpatients (40.6% homosexual men, 24.4% women) | National cross-sectional survey.
Nonstandardized instruments were used | Sexual difficulties were associated with discrimination, suffering from lipodystrophy, very disturbing HIV-related symptoms, but were not with HAART |
|
| Crum-Cianflone et al. 2007 [18] | 300 HIV+ male outpatients | Cross-sectional study. International IIEF, Androgen Deficiency in Aging Men (ADAM Questionnaire) Beck Depression Inventory | ED was associated with older age and depression, not HAART and hypogonadism. Current higher CD4 account was protective against ED. |
|
| Asboe et al. 2007 [19] | 668 HIV+ male outpatients | Prevalence and associated factors study.
Clinical data collected by interview and case review.
International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) was used. | ED: older age, heterosexual, nonalcohol use, depression, antidepressants, psychotropic, and duration of HAART. LSD: older age, depression, and black African ethnicity |
|
| Guaraldi et al. 2007 [20] | 336 HIV+ male outpatients | Cross-sectional study.
Prevalence and associated factors were investigated.
IIEF was used.
Testosterone level was checked | ED was independently associated with body mass index. Desire, orgasm and satisfaction were associated with mental health scores. Testosterone, metabolic alterations, and HAART were not associated with SD |
|
| Richardson et al. 2006 [21] | 190 HIV+ male outpatients | Retrospective notes on risk factors to SD written last 18 months.
Nonstandardized instruments were used | Retarded ejaculation was associated with peripheral neuropathy |
|
| Cove and Petrak, 2004 [3] | 78 HIV+ male outpatients | Cross-sectional study.
Prevalence and associated factors were investigated.
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). | Risk cognitions such as wanting to lose oneself in sex and leaving responsibility for condom use to the active partner were associated with ED related to condom use, and low T-cell count (<200) was associated with sexual problems |
|
| Lamba et al. 2004 [22] | 73 HIV+ male (88% MSM) and 100 HIV- MSM | Prospective study.
Non-standardized instrument was used | Increased estradiol serum levels and LSD were associated with HAART |
|
| Collazos et al. 2002 [23] | 189 HIV+ clinically stable outpatient males using antiretrovirals | Prospective study.
Nonstandardized instruments were used | Only antiretrovirals remained associated to SD after logistic regression. Hypogonadism was not associated |
|
| Collazos et al. 2002b [24] | 189 HIV+ clinically stable outpatient males using antiretrovirals | Prospective study.
Nonstandardized instruments were used | HAART was associated with increased levels of both testosterone (more with PI) and 17beta-estradiol (more with nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors) |
|
| Schrooten et al. 2001 [25] | 720 male and 184 female HIV+ outpatients | Multicentric cross-sectional study.
Anonymous questionnaire.
Nonstandardized instruments were used | LSD was associated with protease inhibitors current and past, symptomatic HIV infection, age, and homosexual HIV transmission mode. ED was associated with protease inhibitors, symptomatic HIV, age and tranquilizers |
|
| Sollima et al. 2001 [26] | 334 HIV+ male outpatients | Cross-sectional study.
Beck depression inventory | ED was associated with homosexuality, CD4 cell count, viral load, and indinavir. Protease inhibitors were associated with peripheral neuropathy causing ED |
|
| Catalan and Meadows, 2000 [27] | 34 gay and bisexual men HIV+ outpatients | Cross-sectional study.
Nonstandardized instrument was used | Psychogenic ED associated with nonuse of antiretrovirals |
|
| Newshan et al. 1998 [6] | 50 HIV+ male outpatients | Cross-sectional study.
Derogatis Sexual Functioning Inventory was used | Sexual dissatisfaction was associated with symptomatic HIV/AIDS |
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