|
Reference
Year | Number of patients | Wavelength
Type of laser source | Number of fibers | Energy (Joules)
Power (Watt)
Time (seconds) | Type of real-time imagery control | Adverse events | Visible dimension of thermal necrosis | Carcinologic results or conclusions |
|
Amin et al.
1994 [12] | 1 patient | 805 nm (Diomed diode laser) | 3 | 3000 J
2 W
500 sec | US
and CT scan | Mild dysuria | Unknown | Feasibility of FLA
Biopsies at 10 days: necrotic tissue in targeted area, cancer cells in other areas |
Atri et al. 2009 [13]
Lindner et al. 2009 [14] | 12 patients | 830 nm
(Indigo diode laser) | 1 or 2 | 2880 J
2–15 W
(temperature control at 100°C) 720 sec | CEUS
and fluoroptic temperature probes
7-day follow-up 1.5T MRI | Perineal discomfort (3 patients)
Mild hematuria (2 patients)
Hematospermia
(2 patients)
Fatigue (1 patient) | 300–4000 mm3 | Biopsies at 6 months:
67% of patients free of tumour in the targeted area
50% of patients free of disease |
| Raz et al. 2010 [15] | 2 patients | 980 nm (Visualase diode laser) | ≥2 | Unknown | 3D 1.5 T MRI control (thermometry, cellular damage planification)
and CEUS just after procedure
15-day follow-up 1.5T MRI | No adverse event | Unknown | Feasibility of immediately repeated therapy |
| Lindner et al. 2010 [8, 9] | 4 patients | 980 nm (Visualase diode laser) | 2 or 3 | 3260–5900 J | CEUS
and fluoroptic temperature probes
7-day 1.5T MRI control followed by radical prostatectomy | Not described | 2500–4500 mm3 | Strong correlation between MRI findings and vital stain histopathology images (Pearson’s correlation index = 0.89) |
| Lindner et al. 2011 [16] | 2 patients | 980 nm (Visualase diode laser) | Unknown | Unknown | 3D robotic 1.5 T MRI control (thermometry, cellular damage planification) | Improvement of IPSS score (1 patient)
No change of IIEF-5 score | 8700–9300 mm3 | Safe and precise robotic guidance of laser fiber
Possible oblique insertion angles to provide adequate dose |
| Woodrum et al. 2011 [17] | 1 patient with local recurrence of prostate cancer after prostatectomy | 980 nm (Visualase diode laser) | 2 | Unknown | 3 T MRI control (thermometry, cellular damage planification) | No change of potency or continence | Unknown | Feasibility of FLA for local recurrence of prostate cancer |
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