Table 1: Different methods for studying urine biomarkers.

Tests for molecular markers in urine Tests for the analysis of exfoliated cells Bladder tumor antigen Automated cytology assays Nuclear matrix protein 22 Cytokeratin 20 Nuclear matrix protein 52 Telomerase BCLA-4 nuclear matrix protein Microsatellite DNA BCLA-1 nuclear matrix protein Chromosomal abnormalities Survivin Carcinoembryogenic antigen Cytokeratin 8, 18, and 19 Mucoproteins Fibrin degradation products Nuclear morphology abnormalities Hyaluronic acid DD23 Hyaluronidase Lewis X antigen