Review Article
A Narrative Review on the Pathophysiology and Management for Radiation Cystitis
Table 1
The proposed pathophysiology of radiation cystitis [
1,
9,
10].
| Anatomical location in bladder | The proposed mechanism of radiation damage |
| Urothelium | Nuclear irregularity | Cellular oedema | Increased cytoplasmic elements | Disruption of tight junctions & polysaccharide layer |
| Vasculature | Vascular endothelial cell oedema | Endothelial cell proliferation | Perivascular fibrosis |
| Muscle | Smooth muscle oedema | Replacement of smooth muscle with fibroblasts | Increased collagen deposition | Vascular ischaemia of bladder wall |
|
|