Spermatozoal Fractalkine Signaling Pathway Is Upregulated in Subclinical Varicocele Patients with Normal Seminogram and Low-Level Leucospermia

Table 1

Semen parameters of all studied groups.

	Control	Fertile–subclinical varicocele	Infertile–subclinical varicocele
Number of cases	45	45	35
Volume (ml)	3.61 ± 0.73	4.26 ± 1.14^a	5.02 ± 1.02^b,c
Concentration (10^6/ml)	117.11 ± 30.85	98.23 ± 17.09^a	71.22 ± 19.04^b,c
Normal morphology (%)	54.28 ± 18.29	37.09 ± 12.60^a	16.49 ± 4.20^b,c
% Motility (PR)	69.62 ± 13.91	50.50 ± 9.41^a	33.58 ± 8.01^b,c
Vitality (%)	56.51 ± 11.41	44.49 ± 10.11^a	30.44 ± 8.07^b,c
WBCs (10^6/ml)	0.26 ± 0.08	0.57 ± 0.14^a	0.75 ± 0.13^b,c

Data are represented in the form of mean ± SD; ^asignificance between control group and fertile–subclinical varicocele group; ^bsignificance between control group and infertile–subclinical varicocele group; ^csignificance between fertile–subclinical varicocele group and infertile–subclinical varicocele group; PR: progressive motility.