Parent Report of Community Psychiatric Comorbid Diagnoses in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Table 4

Multivariate logistic regression odds ratios (95% CI) of overall and individual parent-reported lifetime psychiatric comorbidities in ASD (𝑛=2219), by statistically significant factor (𝑃<.001 unless otherwise noted).

	Any comorbidity	Any anxiety disorder	Any mood disorder (depression and/or bipolar disorder)	Depression	Bipolar disorder	AD/HD or ADD
Female Gender	ns	ns	ns	ns	.5 (.3,  .9)*	.8 (.6, 1.0)*
Autism spectrum diagnosis (reference: autistic disorder)
PDD-NOS	2.1 (1.6, 2.6)	1.9 (1.5, 2.5)	2.8 (1.9, 4.2)	2.3 (1.5, 3.7)	3.6 (2.0, 6.3)	2.1 (1.6, 2.6)
Asperger	2.8 (2.2, 3.5)	2.5 (1.9, 3.3)	3.9 (2.7, 5.7)	3.5 (2.3, 5.1)	2.9 (1.6, 5.1)	2.4 (1.9, 3.0)
SRS t score, per 10-point increase	1.2 (1.1, 1.3)	1.3 (1.2, 1.3)	1.4 (1.2, 1.5)	1.3 (1.2, 1.5)	1.4 (1.2, 1.7)	1.2 (1.1, 1.2)
Reported ID	Ns	ns	Ns	.6 (.4,  .9)*	ns	ns
History of skill loss^a	.8 (.6, 1.0)*	ns	.7 (.5, 1.0)*	ns	ns	.7 (.5,  .8)

PDD-NOS= pervasive developmental disorder, not otherwise specified; AD/HD or ADD = attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or attention-deficit disorder; SRS = Social Responsiveness Scale (see Methods); ID = intellectual disability.
^aModerate to severe loss of communication and/or social skills between ages of 12 and 36 months.
^†Adjusted for age; region (West versus all other); ethnicity; maternal education and history; evaluator.
* 𝑃<.05.