MoMuLV-ts-1: A Unique Mouse Model of Retrovirus-Induced Lymphoma Transmitted by Breast Milk

Table 1

Comparison between HIV and MoMuLV-ts-1 showing the similarities and differences between these two types of viruses.

Characteristics	HIV	ts-1
Retrovirus	+	+
Lentivirus	+	−*
Initial target for infection: CD4 cells	+	+
Depletion of T-lymphocytes	+	+
T-cell death via apoptosis	+	+
Inefficient transport of env precursor	+	+
Viral induced cytokine production	+	+
Polyclonal activation of B lymphocytes	+	+
Infection of astrocytes and microglia	+	+
Demyelination	+	+
Neuronal death	+	+
Wasting	+	+
Can cause lymphoma in some cases***	+	+
Horizontal transmission	+	−**
Mother-to-offspring transmission	+	+
Can cause disease	New born and adult	New born only

*MoMuLV-ts-1: mammalian gamma oncoretrovirus. **ts-1: No adult mouse can be infected; therefore, no sexual transmission occurs. ***: Both HIV and ts-1 may indirectly cause lymphoma.