Human Herpesviridae Methods of Natural Killer Cell Evasion

Table 1

Summary of known interactions between NK cell receptors, ligands, and herpesvirus immunoevasins.

Major receptors	Ligand	Virus	Immunoevasin	Mechanism	References
Activating
	MICA	HCMV	UL142	Internal retention	[68, 69]
		KSHV	K5	Ubiquitination/sequestration	[70, 71]
		HSV	?	?	[72, 73]
		HHV-7	U21	?	[74]
		HCMV	UL16	Internal retention	[22, 75–77]
		HCMV	miR-UL112	Translational downregulation	[78]
NKG2D		KSHV	K5	Ubiquitination/sequestration	[70, 71]
	MICB	KSHV	miRK12-7	Translational downregulation	[79]
		HSV	?	?	[72, 73]
		EBV	miR-BART2-5p	Translational downregulation	[79]
		HHV-7	U21	?	[74]
		HCMV	UL16	Internal retention	[22, 75–77]
	ULBP1–4	HSV	?	?	[72]
		HHV-7	U21	Lysosomal degradation	[74]
NCRs	AICL	KSHV	K5		[71]
DNAM-1	PVR	?	?
	CD112	?	?
Inhibitory
		HCMV	UL18	MHC-I homologue	[80, 81]
		HCMV	UL40	Signal prolongation	[82–84]
		HCMV	US2, US3, US6, US11	Retention/degradation	[63, 67]
		KSHV	K5, K3	Endocytosis	[85–87]
		HSV	ICP47	TAP interference	[88–90]
LIR-1, KIRs, CD94/NKG2A	MHC-I	EBV	vIL-10	IL-10 homolog	[91]
		EBV	BNLF2a	TAP interference	[92, 93]
		EBV	BILF1	Endocytosis/degradation	[94]
		HHV-6	U21 analogues	Lysosomal degradation	[95]
		HHV-7	U21	Lysosomal degradation	[96–98]
		VZV	ORF66	Internal retention	[99, 100]